Rubber-toughened poly methyl

D. E. J. Saunders, Deformation and fracture of rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate), PhD thesis, Victoria University of Manchester, 1990... 

Elloappan, V., El-aasser, M.S., Klein, A., Daniels, E.S., Roberts, J.E., and Pearson, R.A. (1994) Effect of the core/shell latex particle interphase on the mechanical behavior of rubber-toughened poly (methyl methacrylate). J. Appl. 

Fig. 5.66(b) shows a series of stress-strain curves for samples of rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) (RTPMMA) containing different weight fractions Wp of toughening particles. It can be seen that... 

Fig. 5.66 Stress-strain curves for rubber-toughened polymers, (a) Polystyrene (PS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) (after Bucknall). (b) Rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) showing the effect of the weight fraction of rubber particlesy Wp (courtesy D.E.J. Saunders).

He, C., Donald, A.M. Morphology of a deformed rubber toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) film under tensile strain. J. Mater. Sci. 32, 5661-5667 (1997)... 

The different basic mechanisms shown in Figure 19 are valid for other toughened polymers as well. For example, the mechanism in Figure 19 is decisive for rubber-toughened poly(vinyl chloride) (37), polycarbonate, 38, 39), poly(methyl methacrylate) 40, 41), and rubber-toughened epoxies 42, 43). 

Cho Cho, K. W., Yang, J. H., Park, C. E. The effect of rubber particle size on toughening behaviour of rubber-modified poly(methyl methacrylate) with different test methods. Polymer 39 (1998)... 

Rubber-Toughened Acrylic Molding Materials. The materials were prepared by blending the toughening particles with Diakon LG156 (supplied by ICI Acrylics), which is poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(n-butyl acrylate)] (92... 

The impact properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) may be improved by mechanical blending of small rubber particles with the matrix. Several authors have investigated the toughening mechanisms of these materials, which at present are only partially understood. In 1989, Mauzac and Schirrer (1) studied the effect of the rubber particles at the crack tip. They looked at particle volume fractions that ranged over five decades of concentra-... 

The brittle characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) may be improved by copolymerization of small amounts of ethyl or butyl methacrylate or other monomers, and addition of small amounts of butadiene-styrene rubber (89). The latter practice, of course, is similar to the use of SBR elastomers to toughen polystyrene see Section 13.10.1. 

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymer is a stiff, rather brittle plastic with a glass temperature of about 80°C. While somewhat more ductile than polystyrene homopolymer, it is still important to blend PVC with elastomer systems to improve toughness. For example, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) elastomers can impart impact resistance and also optical clarity (see Section 3.3). ABS resins (see Section 3.1.2) are also frequently employed for this purpose. Another of the more important mechanical blends of elastomeric with plastic resins is based on poly(vinyl chloride) as the plastic component, and random copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile (AN) as the elastomer (Matsuo, 1968). On incorporation of this elastomeric phase, PVC, which is ordinarily a stiff, brittle plastic, can be toughened greatly. A nonpolar homopolymer rubber such as polybutadiene (PB) is incompatible with the polar PVC. Indeed, electron microscopy shows... 

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