Rubber lining oxygen

Rubber linings will dry out and get oxidized in atmospheric oxygen. Therefore it is better they remain submerged longer in fluid media so that they will last longer. 

The standard astm test method (D-1149-64) for rubber damage includes a test chamber (volume, 0.11-0.14 m ) through which ozonized air flows at a rate greater than 0.6 m/s. Because the residence time of the ozonized air in the test chamber is about 1 s, the ozone may be expected to reach the material in about 0.1 s. A somewhat similar test procedure (aatcc test method 109-1972 ansi L14, 174-1973) is used in testing colorfastness. The ozone generator is usually (but not necessarily) a mercury-vapor resonance lamp with emission lines at 184.9 and 253.7 nm. The 184.9-nm line is absorbed, and two ground-state oxygen atoms are produced ... 

Phenan thro line (182) can be used instead of thiocyanate to form a complex with Fe(III) ions resulting from the oxidation of Fe(II), and the measurement is made at 500 to 510 nm. The use of 182 has the advantage of stability in the presence of air and also of allowing the use of hydrocarbon solvents for increased solubility of certain analytes. The method was applied for determination of hydroperoxides in natural rubber and synthetic elastomers, in the range of 10 to 20 ppm active oxygen. The sensitivity can be improved to less than 1 ppm, depending on the color of the sample solution. ... 

A laser beam was used for graft polymerization of AAc onto a tetrafluo-roethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer film [81]. The film placed in contact with AAc solution was irradiated with KrF laser through the film to excite the film/solution interface. Surface composition of the grafted film determined by XPS revealed an extensive loss of fluorine atom and an increase of oxygen atom in addition to the presence of a Cls line shape, similar to that of AAc monomer. Mirzadeh et al. [82] used pulsed laser beam for the graft polymerization of AAm on a rubber surface in the presence of a photosensitizer, ben-zophenone, or AIBN. 

Trichlorofluoro- methane Air-line respirator, rubber gloves, monogoggles. Move victim to fresh air and if necessary apply artificial respiration and/or administer oxygen. Call physician immediately. If frostbite has occurred, flush areas with warm water. ... 

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