Rubber compounding, science

Fig. 13. RAIR spectra of model rubber compound reacted with plasma polymerized acetylene films on steel substrates for (A) 0, (B) 15, (C) 0 and (D) 45 min. Adapted by permission of Gordon and Breach Science Publishers from Ref. [12].

Many applications of XPS to problems in adhesion science have been reported in the literature. One interesting example is provided by the work of Tsai et al. on the use of XPS to investigate reactions between model rubber compound and plasma polymerized acetylene films that was discussed above [22,23], Consideration of that system permits some interesting comparisons to be made regarding the type of information that can be obtained from RAIR and XPS. 

Fig. 39. Auger depth protile obtained from a plasma-polymerized film on a polished steel substrate after the film was reacted with a model rubber compound for 65 min. Reproduced by permission of Gordon and Breach Science Publishers from Ref [45].

Deutschen Rheologischen Gesellschaft with Conference Chemical Engineering Rheology in Aachen, 5-7 March 1979, ref Polymer Engineering and Science, Volume 20, Issue 8, Pages 585 - 588, 1980 Society of Plastics Engineers, Inc]. As per sources in Dunlop Rubber Company the nip pressure is of the order of 1500 lb per inch width of the roll for most rubber compounds. 

Meissner, B., Schatz, M. and Brajko, V., Synthetic Rubbers Epichlorohydrin Rubber , in Studies in Polymer Science. Vol. 1. Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989, pp. 274-278. 

Although the material science of rubber compounds has greatly improved, drug-closure-interactions and surface lubricity are problematic for packaging... 

Rodgers B, Waddell WH, Klingensmith W. Rubber compounding. In Mark HP, editor. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology. New York John Wiley Sons, Inc 2004. 

In meeting these goals rubber compounding has evolved from a black art, as it was at the start of the 20th century, to a complex science necessitating knowledge in advanced chemistry, physics, and mathematics. 

Bhowmick AK, Stephens HL (2001) Handbook of elastomers. Marcel Dekker, New York Ciesielski (1999) An introduction to rubber technology. Rapra Technology, UK Mark JE, Erman B (2005) The science and technology of rubber. Academic, New York Rodgers B (2(X)4) Rubber compounding - chemistry and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York... 

Hattori T., Choong D. H., Gan S. N., and Lee S. Y.The effect on tackiness and cure of rubber compounds by alkyd resins synthesized from vegetable oil. 14th Polymer Material Forum, the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, 15-Nov-2005, [Preprint of 14th Polymer Material F orum (1 PD 19)]. 

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