Rotor types energies

Energy Levels and Degeneracies of the Rigid Rotor. The levels and degeneracies for the four rotor types are summarized in Table XVI-1. 

Classification of Rotor Type. The solutions of the rotational energy problem are classified according to the rotor type, i.e., according to relations between the principal moments of inertia. A linear molecule ha.s 1% = and 1° = 0 since all atoms lie on the axis. A spherical rotor... 

The intermeshing rotor type mixer consumes about three times higher specific mixing energy per unit time than the tangential rotor mixer, due to better heat transfer to the mixer walls and subsequently to the cooling medium. 

The author discusses changes in materials, changes in equipment (rotor type, rotor speed, data collection systems), mixing control (energy, temperature, time, thermal history) and mixing methods (previous mixing methods, carbon black dispersion control). 14 refs. Articles from this journal can be requested for translation by subscribers to the Rapra produced International Polymer Science and Technology. 

High Speed Fluid Energy Mills. This type of equipment is used primarily for preparation of relatively low viscosity mill bases for inks and paints. The first is an impeller type which achieves dispersion by the appHcation of shear. The second type is in the form of a rotor—stator, and the dispersion is achieved by impingement or impact. 

Figure 9-6 shows a diagram of a single-stage impulse turbine. The statie pressure deereases in the nozzle with a eorresponding inerease in the absolute veloeity. The absolute veloeity is then redueed in the rotor, but the statie pressure and the relative veloeity remain eonstant. To get the maximum energy transfer, the blades must rotate at about one-half the veloeity of the gas jet veloeity. Two or more rows of moving blades are sometimes used in eonjunetion with one nozzle to obtain wheels with low blade tip speeds and stresses. In-between the moving rows of blades are guide vanes that redireet the gas from one row of moving blades to another as shown in Figure 9-7. This type of turbine is sometimes ealled a Curtis turbine.

Dynamic compressors impart energy to the gas by velocity or centrifugal force and then convert this to pressure energy. The most common type is the centrifugal compressor. Suction gas enters axiallyinto the eye of a rotor which has curved blades, and is thrown out tangentially from the blade circumference. 

Impulse turbine design employs a stationary, circular diaphragm onto which a large number of fixed-position, tear-shaped nozzle blades (vanes) are mounted. High-velocity steam moves across the vanes and produces steam jets that are directed into waterwheel-type buckets, mounted onto discs around the turbine rotor. The pressure of the steam in the buckets forces the shaft to rotate. The kinetic energy of the jets is translated into mechanical work as the shaft turns. 

This work prompted a flurry of activity in the mid- to late 1980s to find the type IM isotherm. A number of inventions can be found in which alumina, or silica gel are blended with zeolites type X or Y to mimic the shape of the isotherm that Collier defined. Mol Sieve type DDZ-70(g) is in fact one of only a few true type IM isotherms. This product and Engelhard s type ETS-10 both have the required isotherm shape for water and deliver the benefits expected, to wit excellent capacity for water, self-sharpening mass transfer zone and low energy investment required to regenerate. Mol Sieve type DDZ-70(g) is used commercially in rotors... 

In fact, a breather may be thought of as a result of the attractive interaction between soliton and antisoliton. Inside the breather envelope, the soliton and antisoliton oscillate with respect to each other with period 2tt/ojb. Because creating a breather requires an arbitrarily small energy, excitations of this type should persist at low temperature and should dominate the dynamics of the rotor chain. 

The transfer of an H atom from one site to another, as in the HCN — NCH isomerization, can be viewed as a special type of internal rotation. A hindered internal rotor treatment of such motions was found [148, 149] to yield an increase in the reactant state density by a factor of 3 to 4 for both HCN and HCCH at the thresholds for CH bond dissociations. Furthermore, for HCN, where the dissociation energy is well known, the resulting low pressure limit rate coefficients were found to be in much improved agreement with experiment. This study also provided a simple general formula for estimating the effect of such corrections for arbitrary isomerizations (Eq. (2.31) in [149]). Illustrative calculations suggested that such effects may be important even in larger molecules. 

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