A Discussion of Change

Sometimes we managers are like donkeys. Sometimes we need to be hit by a two-by-four on the side of the head before we will start paying attention. Often change brings out the donkey in all of us. Remember  

Change is as old as time and as leading edge as the future. Even the rate at which changes are occurring is changing. But as prevalent as change is, we often want to resist it with all the effort we can muster. 

See also Beer, Michael, Russell A. Eisenstat, and Bert Spector, Why Change Programs Don t Produce Change, Harvard Business Review, November-December 1990, pp. 158-166. This article focuses on the idea that effective corporate renewal starts at the bottom, through informal efforts to solve problems.  

Reinventing Lean - Introducing Lean Management into the Supply Chain 

The single greatest power in the world today is the power to change.. .. The most recklessly irresponsible thing we could do in the future would be to go on exactly as we have in the past ten or twenty years. 

---

A discussion of the adsorption of water on oxides would be incomplete without some reference to the irreversible effects which are often encountered when samples of oxide, hydroxide or oxide-hydroxide are exposed to the vapour. These effects ( low-temperature ageing ), which manifest themselves in changes in surface area, in pore structure and sometimes in the lattice structure itself, are complex and difficult to reproduce exactly. ... 

Most of the remainder of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of the magnitude of the heat flow in chemical reactions or phase changes. However, we will focus on a simpler process in which the only effect of the heat flow is to change the temperature of a system. In general, the relationship between the magnitude of the heat flow, q, and the temperature change, At, is given by the equation... 

In the above discussion it has been assumed that the type of quantization has not been changed, and that 5 and p eigenfunctions retain their identity. This is probably true for H20 and H202, and perhaps for NH3 and As44 also. A discussion of the effect of change of quantization on bond angles is given in a later section. 

S A discussion of rotation about a double bond on the basis of the quantum mechanics has been published by E. Hiickel, Z. Physik, 60, 423 (1930), which is, I feel, neither so straightforward nor so convincing as the above treatment, inasmuch as neither the phenomenon of concentration of the bond eigenfunctions nor that of change in quantization is taken into account. 

Product quantum yields are much easier to measure. The number of quanta absorbed can be determined by an instrument called an actinometer, which is actually a standard photochemical system whose quantum yield is known. An example of the information that can be learned from quantum yields is the following. If the quantum yield of a product is finite and invariant with changes in experimental conditions, it is likely that the product is formed in a primary rate-determining process. Another example In some reactions, the product quantum yields are found to be well over 1 (perhaps as high as 1000). Such a finding indicates a chain reaction (see p. 895 for a discussion of chain reactions). 

This chapter describes several Important applications of aqueous equilibria. We begin with a discussion of buffer chemistry, followed by a description of acid and base titration reactions. Then we change our focus to examine the solubility equilibria of inorganic salts. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the equilibria of complex Ions. 

Over-expression of bacterial phytoene synthase led to only modest increases in pigment accumulation (except in the case of chloroplast-contaiifing tissues). Attention turned to CrtI, one gene that might control flux through the entire four desaturation steps from phytoene to lycopene (discussed in Section 5.3.2.4). Only a modest increase in carotenoid content in tomatoes and a variety of changes in carotenoid composition including more P-carotene, accompanied by an overall decrease in total carotenoid content (no lycopene increase), resulted when CrtI was over-expressed under control of CaMV 35S. Apparently, the bacterial desaturase... 

Each chapter recommends indicators to monitor as a measure of changing mercuiy concentrations in the environment, and describes the process used by the authors to identify and rank these indicators. The chapters also discuss monitoring strategies... 

---