Rotating jet spinning

Rotating jet spinning Combination of centrifugation and pinning to produce... 

Spinning disc A rotating disc onto which a fine jet of water impinges, resulting in fine droplets that add moisture to the air supply. 

Some design concepts for generating uniform droplets have been proposed by Lee et al.[88] These include (a) centrifugal type chamber, (b) atomization by two opposing air-liquid jets, and (c) spinning disk coupled with an ultrasonic field. Some other conceptions include (d) rocket nozzle chamber, (e) frozen particles, (f) rotating brush, and (g) periodic vibrations using saw-tooth waves, etc. 

Studies were made of the detonation with hemispherical, ellipsoidal, and conical liners and a theory was developed which appeared to give a plausible explanation of the optimum shapes of liners. It was discovered during these studies, that highspeed rotation decreased very markedly the cavity effect, and that consequently, spin-stabilized projectiles were ill-adapted to cavity charges. Towards the end of 1943, the spreading of the jet, due to rotation, was confirmed photographically by the Kerr-cell camera... 

Although the effects of rotation were not known with certainty, it was theorized that when the liner collapses in a rotating shaped chge, he jet formed from the liner also rotates and spreads or splits. To counteract these effects of rotation, tangential components of velocity are necesssry. These must be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to those set up by the initial spin upon all the elements of the liner. The purpose of this counteracting force, called "spin-compensation , is to stop rotation of the jet (Ref 1). Both.theory and initial test results indicated that a fluted liner... 

The first stage was the production of a pulsed free-jet molecular beam of helium containing 20% CO, which was then crossed with an electron beam to produce ionisation. The ions were produced close enough to the beam nozzle for cooling to occur downstream. Some 4 cm from the nozzle the beam entered a confocal Fabry-Perot cavity where it was exposed to millimetre wave radiation close to 120 GHz in frequency. Following microwave excitation, when on resonance, the beam was probed with a Nd YAG pumped dye laser beam with the frequency chosen to drive rovibronic components of the A 2 U-X 2 + band system. Figure 11.54 shows two recordings of a spin component of the lowest rotational transition the line shown in (a) is... 

For an accretion rate Mp below the Eddington (MEdd = 1.39xl015(M/Mo) kg s-1) rate, fn = Md/MEdd — 0.13, as an example, the value of efficiency of jets driven by the disk is maximum gmax = 0.9638 in the case of a highly rotating Kerr black hole of a spin parameter a = 0.999999 (see fig. 1). 

Figure 6. A composite view of the NO and CN data for the unimolecular decomposition of NCNO. The central trace shows the photodissociation spectrum of jet-cooled NCNO. The NO and CN rotational populations result from dissociation at the indicated absorption maxima. Experimental distributions for the CN rotational quantum number N" and the NO rotational quantum number J" are given as open circles in the upper and lower panels, respectively. The theoretical results are from PST. For a discussion of the calculated versus experimental NO spin-orbit population ratio see Ref. 49. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 49.)...

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