Rolling, cold forming operation

Conversion of fiberboard furnish to board begins with the felting operation. Fibers suspended in a liquid or gaseous fluid are deposited on a moving wire and concentrated into an interfelted mat by the removal of the suspending fluid. Application of pressure between rolls or platens in the cold-press operation further reduces interfiber void space and expresses the forming fluid. 

Sheet, thin plate, welded tubing, and small-diameter bar of commercially pure titanium are manufactured into parts by conventional cold-working techniques. The formability of titanium, when worked at room temperature, is like that of cold-rolled stainless steel. At 65°C the formability compares with stainless steel annealed at room temperature. Cold-working maybe difficult for some titanium alloys and heat may be required, especially for severe forming operations. Generally, titanium and its alloys are worked between 200 and 300°C. Lubricants reduce friction and galling. Slow forming speeds at controlled rates improve workability and are recommended for more difficult operations. 

Metal forming / ss Rollers for cold rolling operations Punches, dies, plugs, mandrels (Fe Al Cu)... 

Polymer films are formed in a number of ways, but one common film process looks like a two-dimensional version of the spinning process, in which a molten sheet is extruded into air and stretched, after which the film is solidified and taken up on a cold roll. Film processes tend to operate at much lower speeds than fiber processes, but the basic mechanics are the same except near the edges of the film, where three-dimensional effects are important. 

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