Roden ticides

A pesticide is defined, under the Food and Environment Protection Act (1985), as any substance, preparation or organism prepared or used for destroying any pest . Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, molliiscicides, roden-ticides, growth regulators, and masonry and timber preservatives. 

Serum concentration of dogs with anticoagulant roden-ticide poisoning ranged from less than 10 ng/1 to 851 ng/1 for brodifacoum, difethialone, and difenacoum (Robben et al, 1998). 

Mundy, D.E., Machin, A.F. (1977). Determination of the roden-ticide difenacoum in biological materials by high-pressure liquid chromatography with confirmation of identity hy mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 139(2) 321-9. 

Oleander is used as an ornamental shrub along road sides and in gardens. The plant is also used in roden-ticides, insecticides, and homeopathic remedies. In some countries, particularly Sri Lanka, this shrub has become a notorious method of suicide. 

The action of an alkaline I2 solution on the roden-ticide warfarin, C19H15O4 (308.34 g/mol), results in the formation of 1 mol of iodoform, CHI3 (393.73 g/moI), for each mole of the parent compound reacted. Analysis for warfarin can then be based on the reaction between CHI3 and Ag . ... 

There are literally thousands of chemicals and/or formulations in the major categories (i.e., insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, roden-ticides, fumigants, nematocides) of pesticides. Therefore, no attempt was made to provide a review of representatives of all the major classes of pesticides. In the section which follows, selected pesticides from three chemical classes, the organophosphates, the halogenated hydrocarbons, and the pyrethroids, will be discussed in regard to the differences and similarities between acute and chronic toxicity. The criteria for selection of the examples are mainly related to the availability of current information in the literature. 

Anticoagulant clotting proteins Yes Roden ticides Has been related to mortality, risk assessed from blood protein level... 

Vacor rat kiiier (2% /V-3-pyridy]methy]-/ / -p-nitropheny]urea PNU) is a unique roden-ticide that causes irreversibie insuiin-dependent diabetes and autonomic nervous system injury, it was removed from generai saie in the United States in 1979 but is still available in some homes and for use by licensed exterminators. The product was sold in 39-g packets of commeal-like material containing 2% PNU. 

Thomson, W.T. "Agricultural Chemicals - Book III, Miscellaneous Chemicals (Fumigants, ( owth Regulators, Repellents, and Roden-ticides)," Thomson Publications, Fresno, CA, 1978 p. 8. 

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden ticide Act (FIFRA) 1947 amended by Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act 1972 amendments in 1975, 1978, 1980, and 1988... 

Pesticides used around the house and garden include insecticides, herbicides, roden-ticides, fungicides, and fumigants. Toxic chemicals contained in pesticides include organochlorine and organophosphate compounds, carbamates, and arsenicals. The solvents used as carriers for these include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and glycol ethers [34],... 

This group of compounds have a 4-hydroxycouma-rin ring with different side-chain substituents at the 3-position. Commonly used superwarfarin anticoagulant rodenticides in this group are bromadiolone, brodi-facoum, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, and difenacoum. Brodifacoum, difenacoum, and bromadiolone are three of the most commonly used rodenticides around the world. Brodifacoum is the most frequently used roden-ticide in the United States. These rodenticides share most of their physical and chemical characteristics, as well as their toxicokinetics, toxicod3mamics, and mechanism of toxicity, and the medical toxicological management is the same for all superwarfarins. 

---