Rocket propellants with amines

MP 32,305-7(1950) (Phenyl-/3-naphthylamine as a stabilizer for smokeless propellants) 3a)Degering(1950),199-221 292-321 4)11. Maisner, USP 2, 712,989(1955) CA 49,14325-6(1955) (An organic amine was proposed as an addn to nitroparaffin-gel rocket propellants to make them expl, eg, a rocket propellant consisting of MeNO, blended with 10-50% NC and contg Cr acetylacetonate up to 3% by wi became an expl after incorporating some amin ... 

Nitration of p-nitroaniline (15b), or reacting picric acid with phosphorus pentachloride, yields trinitrochlorobenzene, which on amination affords 2,4,6-trinitroaniline, the explosive picramide. Phosgenation of /V-ethylaniline (26) gives a substituted urea used as a stabilizer for explosives. Diphenylamine (8) is used as a stabilizer, for nitrocellulose explosives as well as for celluloid, and also as a solid rocket propellant. Ethylaniline 26 is employed in the manufacture of centralite, a stabilizer in smokeless powder. Other uses for 15b, the largest volume nitroaniline, include in the production of dyes, antioxidants and pharmaceuticals. 

In some applications of interest to us, notably solid fuel rocket propellants, polybutadiene is used as the soft segment of a polyurethane rather than as bulk polymer. Hence, our studies of the role of amines in adhesion have been extended to include systems with polyurethanes derived from functionalized liquid polybutadiene. 

Amines have been used for the following purposes related to expls,propellants, pyrotechnic compositions and fuels a)Stabilizers for NC propellants(eg, diphenylaniinc, nitro-Jiphenylaniine and phenyl-/3-naphthylamine, the last examined in France(Ref 3) b)Sensi-tizers for some expl and propellent compns (Ref 4 and addnl ref d) c)Smoke-producing compds (Addnl Ref d) d)Liquid fuels for rockets in conjunction with strong oxidizers, such as nitric acid(some of these are hyper-golic) (Refs 6 8 and addnl refs e,g,i,k l) e)Additives to gasoline and other motor fuels (Addnl refs a,b,c f)... 

Several useful nitrogen-containing molecules react with ketones or aldehydes in a manner that is similar to the reaction of primary amines. Hydroxylamine (96) is essentially a functionalized amine, as is hydrazine (97)—an important compound that was used as rocket fuel many years ago. Hydrazine is still used as a propellant on board space vehicles and in satellites in order to make course corrections. Hydroxylamine may be explosive when concentrated, and shordd be handled with care, but it is used for the removal of hair from animal hides and in photographic developing solutions. ... 

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