Robustness evaluation

TABLE I Method Factors that are Studied in the Robustness Evaluation... 

A lot of sensitivity and robustness can be gained by carefully designing the injection procedure, so do put some time and effort in this during method development. Do not forget to test injection parameters during the robustness evaluation. There are plenty of examples for... 

In reference 68, a different approach was used to verify the robustness of a CE separation of ibuprofen, codeine phosphate, degradation products, and impurities in a drug product (tablet). Small variations around the optimal conditions obtained during method optimization were introduced and the results were predicted from the response model. The variations in the factor levels during the robustness evaluation were smaller than those evaluated during method optimization. Since both migration times and resolutions were acceptably predicted, the method was considered robust with respect to the small changes. The examined factors... 

Robustness Evaluate effects of deliberate perturbations of system (e.g., pH, sample stability, temperature, buffer composition, etc.)... 

When additional data are available, a QS AR model should be validated by predicting the activity of other chemicals not used in the training set, but whose activities are known (i.e., the test set). This is called external validation. The major difference between the cross-validation and external validation is that the chemicals selected in the latter case are in a sense random. This provides a more robust evaluation of the model s predictive capability for untested chemicals than cross-validation. We feel strongly that the confidence in a model s predictive capability can be tested and validated when robust prediction has been demonstrated with an external test set. Further details regarding a formal framework for the validation of QSARs are provided in Chapter 20. 

Mostly for isocratic applications. Includes software for 3-D resolution maps, peak tracking, and robustness evaluation. ... 

Table 9.7. Typical Method Parameters and Range for Robustness Evaluation...

A third, and perhaps the most significant, achievement was the reduction of the portfolio from 54 kinase to 38 kinase projects based on a more robust evaluation of the POS of each project and of the resource commitment required to prosecute the project. Thus, the organization conserved scarce resources and reallocated it to other priorities. 

SPE cartridges and the type of pre-packed commercial alumina cartridges used. Although the robustness evaluation was not planned using a multi-factorial method, the results were evaluated using simple analysis of variance (ANOVA, Section 8.2.6). 

The reduced dimensionahty approach turned out to be beneficial for coupling constants measurements. Kozminski et al. described a C -coupled-MQ-HNCO experiment for a robust evaluation of J(Ni,C i i ) couplings that can be used for the secondary structure identification. The sequence includes nested HMQC coherence transfer blocks generating multiple-quantum coherence. The evolution of the coherence is recorded... 

Another robust evaluation of the work disincentives of income-tested cash transfers comes from Ontario, Canada. There the beneficiaries of a rather generous safety net program during the 1990s reduced their work effort by 3 to 5 percent when benefits tripled from Can 185 to Can 507 (Lemieux and Milligan 2008). 

In the method using Taylor series expansion as explained in previous sections, the accuracy of the robustness evaluation depends directly on the reliability of the numerical sensitivity analysis. For this reason, when the evaluation of numerical sensitivities has some difficulties resulting from the elastic-plastic structural property of isolators, another URP method should be introduced where the variation of the objective function is... 

Consider an M-story base-isolated shear building model as shown in Eig. 18. A simple model is used here to present an essential feature of the robustness evaluation method. Since the use of natural rubber bearings (NRB) only as isolator elements may lead to a higher level of acceleration at the top story, both NRB and lead rubber bearings (LRB) are used here. Eurthermore, an additional damping in the base-isolation story is to be given by oil dampers. 

Fujita K, Takewaki I (2011a) An efficient methodology for robustness evaluation by advanced interval analysis using updated second-order Taylor series expansion. Eng Struct 33(12) 3299-3310... 

Fujita K, Takewaki I (2012a) Robustness evaluation on earthquake response of base-isolated buildings with uncertain structural properties under long-period ground motions. Architectonica J l(l) 46-59... 

A robust evaluation of candidate sensors has been completed. Technologies appear to be available for all key plant parameters including temperature, neutron flux, pressure, mechanism position, and coolant flow. 

The last step is to finalize the material selection. This selection should be obvious, with a material that meets all of the established criteria, at the most effective cost. There should not be any guessing, or any crossing of the fingers and hoping for the best. It should be a fact-based decision, based on a robust evaluation, with reliable, proven data. 

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