Robotic surgical simulation

Robotic surgical simulation is relatively new and is stiU in its development phase. One of the most challenging aspects of learning robotic surgery... 

Technological advances such as robots and simulators enhance precision in surgical practice and are increasingly employed by otorhinolaryngology specialists. Advances in surgical techniques, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have improved the survival and quality of life for patients with head and neck cancer. The outcomes of these treatments have allowed physicians to focus less on tumor removal and more on functional preservation and restoration. Preventative efforts, coupled with the study of tobacco use and occupational exposure as risk factors for carcinogenesis, have also become a priority. 

Condino S, et al. How to build patient-specific synthetic abdominal anatomies. An innovative approach from physical toward hybrid surgical simulators. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assisted Surg 2011 7(2) 202—13. 

Figure 10.11 da Vinci Si robotic surgical system being used for simulated transfer, suturing, and knot tying tasks in the operating room setting. ( McMaster University.)... 

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