Robiquet

Codeine, C18H21O3N. This alkaloid was isolated from opium by Robiquet in 1833. It occurs in opium to the extent of 0-1 to 3 per cent., and is isolated therefrom as the hydrochloride along with morphine hydrochloride in the first stage of Gregory s process. It is a methyl ether of morphine and is usually made from the latter by methylation, for which there are numerous patents. An extensive series of ethers of morphine and its isomerides, including ethers of the alcoholic hydroxyl group (Aeterocodeines) has been prepared by Faris and SmaU. ... 

Catalytic activities in plant extracts were also recognized early in the nineteenth century. Robiquet and Boutron (1830), for example, noted the hydrolysis of amygdalin, a glycoside in the seeds of bitter almonds Robiquet, and Liebig and Wohler then identified the enzyme responsible—emulsin. 

R. Anschutz und Q. Wirtz. Ueber die Anilide der Fumarsdure und der Maleinsdure und fiber die Phenylasparaginsdnre. Annaten, 1887, 239, 137-160. Boutron-Charlard und Pelouze. Ueber das Asparamid Asparagin des Herrn Robiquet) und die Asparamidsdure. Annalen, 1833, 6, 75-88. 

Serturner reported the isolation of morphine in 1805 Pelletier and Magendie published on the isolation of emetine in 1817 the paper by Robiquet on the isolation of codeine was dated 1832 and that by Mein on the isolation of atropine in pure form was dated... 

The quantity of metal which Davy prepared was very small, and it was not until 1831 that it was first prepared in a coherent form. This was done by the French chemist, Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy, who was bom at Marseilles on May 29, 1794. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique for a time, but his interest in chemistry soon led him to abandon his military career and to become apprenticed to a pharmacist. After studying pharmacy at Lyons and at Paris he became a pupil of P.-J. Robiquet, who was then a pr parateur in chemistry at the Ecole de... 

Emulsin bitter almonds amygdalin hydrolysis Robiquet and Boutron, 1830 ... 

Opium contains more than 20 distinct alkaloids. In 1806, Sertiirner reported the isolation of a pure substance in opium that he named morphine. The discovery of other alkaloids in opium quickly followed that of morphine (codeine by Robiquet in 1832 and papaverine by Merck in 1848). By the middle of the 19th century, the use of pure alkaloids rather than crude opium preparations began to spread throughout the medical world. 

Pierre-Jean Robiquet (1780-1840), French apothecary, discovers codeine. Codeine is an alkaloid found in opium that is now used in prescription pain relievers and cough medicines. 

Narcotine was isolated by Derosne (592) and Robiquet (593) from opium. It has a mild antitussic and a relaxant effect on smooth muscles (similar to those of papaverine). The relaxant effect is about ten times smaller than that of papaverine (594-597). LaBarre and Plisnier (598, 599) found that narcotine is a better antitussic than codeine. j8-Narcotine proved to be much more effective than a-narcotine (600) the effect of the N-oxides of the two isomers was more marked than that of the base. /3-Narcotine N-oxide was much more effective than dihydrocodeine. Those substances did not increase the analgesic effect of morphine. Contrary to codeine they did not cause obstipation (601). The therapeutic dose of the hydrochloride is 25-50 mg three times daily for adults and 25 mg three times daily per os for children. For the effect of narcotine upon the cough reflex and upon the bronchial muscle, see (602-613). 

Robiquet (1838). Mentioned in Extrait du proces verbal de la Socidte de Pharmacie de Paris, Seance du 7 mars. 

Robiquet (see Dammer, Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, 1893, III, 364) believed that ferrous cyanide resulted when Prussian blue was reduced by hydrogen sulphide Hofmann (Annalen, 1907, 352, 54) shows that this cannot be correct. 

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