River water, chromatograms

Figure 13.15 shows the influence of adding sodium sulphite on the chromatogram of a river water sample. 

Figure 13.15 Chromatograms obtained by on-line ti ace enrichment of 50 ml of Ebro river water with and without the addition of different volumes of 10% Na2S03 solution for every 100 ml of sample (a) blank with the addition of 1000 p.1 of sulfite (b) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 1000 p.1 of sulfite (c) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes and 500 p.1 of sulfite (d) spiked with 4 p.g 1 of the analytes without sulfite. Peak identification is as follows 1, oxamyl 2, methomyl 3, phenol 4, 4-niti ophenol 5, 2,4-dinitrophenol 6, 2-chlorophenol 7, bentazone 8, simazine 9, MCPA 10, atrazine. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 803, N. Masque et ai, New chemically modified polymeric resin for solid-phase extraction of pesticides and phenolic compounds from water , pp. 147-155, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

This set-up, or a very similar one, has been used to determine different group of pollutants in environmental waters (45, 83, 93). For example, with 10 ml of sample the limits of detection of a group of pesticides were between 2 and 20 ng 1 (92) in tap and river water, with this system being fully automated. Figure 13.19 shows the chromatograms obtained by on-line SPE-GC-MS under selected ion-monitoring conditions of 10 ml of tap water spiked with pesticides at levels of 0.1 pig 1 (92). 

The results obtained are shown in figure 18, the upper chromatogram representing the polluted river water and the lower chromatogram a sample taken after clean-up treatment. The level of phenol present in the lower chromatogram was about 34 ppt. The separation was monitored by an electrochemical detector which had a very high specific response to phenol. The column used was packed with Cl 8... 

Fig. 2.1.6. On-line derivatisation and the selected characteristic mass chromatograms of butylated residues isolated from river water polluted by an industrial effluent. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [119]. 1999 by Elsevier.

Fig. 2.1.9. Mass chromatograms (m/z 58) of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides as their corresponding alkyldimethylamines and the internal standard (undecyldimethyl-amine) (a) prior to debenzylation and (b) after Hofmann degradation with potassium tert-butoxide and El mass spectra detected in river water. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [141]. 2001 by American Chemical Society.

Fig. 2.6.9. MS-MS chromatogram (MRM channel m/z 219 — 133) of raw effluent (river water) treated in a Barcelona drinking water treatment plant. Insets product ion scan of NPE2C (A) and NP (B), obtained using argon as collision gas at collision energy of...

Fig. 3.1.5. HS-SPME-GC-MS single-ion chromatograms of derivatised compounds from river water entering Sant Joan Despi...

Fig. 5.1.12. ( — )-LC-ESI-MS extracted ion chromatograms of C7-SPC (m/z 285) from (A) an enriched river water sample, and (B) an FBBR sample taken 20 days (constant concentrations) after spiking with commercial LAS. The individual isomers (a-f) are...

Figure 10. Reaction chromatograms for A, Amstel river water and B, Amstel river water fortified with 3 ng of aldicarb (peak 1) 3 ng of methomyl (peak 2) 5 ng of propoxur (peak 3) 5 ng of carbaryl (peak 4) and 10 ng of methiocarb (peak 5). Conditions 150-mm X 4.6-mm i.d. column packed with Spherisorb ODS mobile phase of 50% water and 50% methanol (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min 60-mm X 4.6-mm i.d. reactor column packed with Aminex A-28 reaction temperature of 100 °C OF A reagent flow rate of 30 pL/min detection with Perkin-Elmer Model 204A fluorescence spectrometer excitation wavelength of 340 nm emission wavelength of 455 nm. (Reproduced with permission from reference 46. Copyright 1983 Elsevier Scientific Publishers.)...

Figure 22-20 Chromatograms of herbicides (designated 1-6) spiked into river water at a level near 1 ppb demonstrate increased signal-to-noise ratio in selected ion monitoring, (o) Ultraviolet detection at 240 nm (b) Electrospray reconstructed total ion chromatogram, (c) Electrospray selected ion monitoring at m/z 312. [From A. Lagana. G. Fago, and A. Marino, "Simultaneous Determination of imidazoiinone Herbicides from Soil and Natural Waters."Anal. Chem. 1998, 70.121.]...

Fig. 6 Chromatograms obtained by online MISPE with the non-covalent 4-NP imprinted polymer (PI) of 10 mL Ebro river water (pH 2.5) spiked at 10 pg L 1 with each phenolic compound, (a) With washing step using 0.2 mL of dichloromethane and (b) with addition of Na2S03 to the washing step. Peak designation as in the preceding figure [44]...

Figure 2.21 A gas chromatogram of a sample of river water (2.25 ml) spiked at 5 ppb levels with 1, toluene 2, ethylbenzene 3, methoxybenzene 4, p-dichlorobenzene 5, dimethylphe-nol 6, dimethylaniline 7, chloroaniline 8, indole 9, dichlorobenzonitrile 10, trichlorophe-nol 11, dinitrobenzene 12, trifluranil 13, atrazine 14, phenanthrene. Reprinted from Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 16, H. G. J. Mol et al., Use of open-tubular trapping columns for on-line extraction-capillary gas chromatography of aqueous samples , pp. 413-418,1993, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

FIGURE 13.14 A typical LC-MS chromatogram obtained in the scan mode of a preconcentrated aqueous standard solution (a) and of a preconcentrated spiked river water sample (b), as well as of an unspiked preconcentrated river water sample (c). Peak labels denote Ph, Phenol 2,4-DMP, 2,4-dimethylphenol 2-CP, 2-chlo-rophenol 4-CR,4-chlorophenol 4-NP,4-nitrophenol 2-NP,2-nitrophenol 4-C-3-MP,4-chloro-3-methylphenol 2,4-DCP, 2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-DNP, 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4,6-TCP, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 2-M-4.6-DNP, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol and PCP, pentachlorophenol. Spike level 1 pg/L 10 mL preconcentrated. 

Typical chromatograms obtained for a rain water and a river water are shown in Fig. 2.6. 

Fig. 2.6 Ion chromatograms, ammonia in river water (left) and rainwater (right). Measuring conditions were as follows (river water) sample, 1 ml ...

Fig. 4.3 Chromatogram of an extract of river water measured with system A. Sample volume injected, lOOpL ...

An example of a chromatogram of the extract of a river water is shown in Fig. 4.3. The presence of //-dibutylphthalate and di-2-ethylhexylphthalate was observed. The concentrations of phthlates in the extract were 450ppb of n-dibutylphthalatc and lOOppb of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and their concentrations in river water were 45 and lOOppb, respectively. The first peak in Fig. 4.3 is contaminant(s) inn-hexane. 

Fig. 16.1 Gas chromatogram of ABS as methyl esters in river water. Column temperature, 230°C...

FIGURE 12.5 Chromatograms (LC-UV) of methoxy-j-triazine herbicides (a) SPE of spiked river water (1.0 mg/L of each analyte in 1 L) (b) SLM extraction of spiked river water (0.5 mg/L of each analyte). Peaks 1 simetone 2 atratone 3 secbumetone 4 terbumetone. (From Megersa, N., Solomon, T., and Jdnsson, J.A., J. Chromatogr. A, 830, 203, 1999. With permission.)... 

Fig. 9 Chromatogram and spectra from a sample of river water containing 200 ppt of atrazine and simazine. (From Ref. 2.)...

Fig. 1 Capillary LC chromatogram of a river water solid-phase extract containing PAHs. Column fused silica (20 cm X 0.25 mm) HjO home-packed with RP-18 (5 tm). Mobile phase ACN/H20 (75 25), flow rate 4 /xL/min, UV detection at 254 nm. Compound identity 1 = fenanthrene, 2 = anthracene, 3 = fluoranthene, 4 = pyrene, 5 = crysene.

Quantitative data were obtained by integration of selected ion chromatograms extracted from the total ion current. The ions used for quantification are presented in Table 1. For GC/MS-analyses of reference compounds the limit of quantitation (LOD) was 0.5 ng (signal to noise ratio 10 1). In Lippe river water samples concentrations of 10 ng/L resulted in similar signal to noise ratios due to matrix effects. Therefore these values were defined as limits of quantitation in the present study. 

Compound specific carbon isotope analyses were applied to 8 extracts of Rhine river water. Comparison of the chromatograms from GC/MS and GC/irmMS analyses shows a good correlation of the individual peaks as illustrated in Figure 4. 

FIGURE 10.3 Chromatograms of extracts from 11 river water spiked with 1 yug/l 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate (1) and naphthalene-2-sulfonate (2). The samples were extracted with (a) 1 g CIS adsorbent and 5 mM tributylammonim bromide, (b) 1 g Carbopack B, and (c) standard solution. (From Altenbach, B. and Giger, W., Anal Chem., 67, 2325-2333, 1995.)... 

Figure 11.20 shows the chromatograms of the standard solution and solution for the river water of the PBTA-2. Is the result of a Figure 11.21 satisfactory separation of the compound examined. 

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