Risperidone endocrine

The results of 11 studies in 1933 patients with schizophrenia, who were randomly assigned to amisulpride (n = 1247), haloperidol (n = 309), risperidone (n = 113), flupenthixol (n = 62), or placebo (n = 202) have been reviewed (45). Extrapyramidal signs occurred in 15% of those given amisulpride (n = 579), 12% of those given risperidone (n = 113), and 31% of those given haloperidol (n = 214). In contrast, endocrine disorders were more frequent with amisulpride (4%) and risperidone (6%) than with haloperidol (1%). In a subgroup of patients with predominant negative schizophrenia who had at... 

Hypothalamus and Endocrine Systems Endocrine changes occur because of effects of antipsychotic drugs on the hypothalamus or pituitary, including their antidopaminergic actions. Most older antipsychotics and risperidone increase prolactin secretion, probably due to a blockade of the pituitary actions of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. These neurons project from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to the median eminence, where they deliver DA to the anterior pituitary via the hypophyseoportal blood vessels. Dj receptors on lactotropes in the anterior pituitary mediate the tonic prolactin-inhibiting action of DA (see Chapter 55). 

Endocrine New cases of hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea have been reported [127, 128 ]. The correlation between risperidone plasma concentrations and prolactin plasma concentrations has been studied... 

Endocrine Aripiprazole is said to stabilize the dopaminergic system and thus ameliorate schizophrenic symptoms without increasing serum prolactin [SEDA-31, 76]. Prolactin concentrations and sexual function in schizophrenic patients have been evaluated in an open, 26-week, multicenter study, in which 555 patients were randomized to aripiprazole ( = 284) or standard care (olanzapine, quetiapme, or risperidone n = 271) [69 ]. At 8 weeks, those who took aripiprazole reported significantly greater improvement in sexual function. Baseline mean serum prolactin concentrations were similar in the two groups (434 and 423 mg/1 respectively) however, at week 26, the mean fall in serum prolactin was 342 mg/1 with aripiprazole compared with 133 mg/1 with the other treatments. 

Endocrine A study of 47 boys found that prolactin levels were significantly associated with oral risperidone dose and risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone levels, but not the TaqlA variant in the dopamine D2 receptor gene or variants of the CYP2D6 gene [259 ]. 

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