Risperidone and haloperidol

Spannheimer A, Clouth J, Gregor KJ (1999). Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the rrearmenr of schizophrenia in Germany a comparison of olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol using a clinical decision model. Poster presented at the ISPOR Second Annual European Meeting, Edinburgh, November 1999. 

Chouinard G, Jones B, Remington G, et al (1993). A Canadian multicentre placebo controlled study of fixed doses of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic inpatients./Clin Psychopharmacol25—40. 

Zhou, M., Liu, P., Zhang, H. Y. et al. (2002). Double-blind comparison between risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 18(5), 341. ... 

Sleep and sedative effects of the atypical antipsychotics could be related to different mechanisms antagonism of 5-HT2 receptors, antihistaminic and antimus-carinic effects, and probably an a-1 noradrenergic effect. The difference in the effect on sleep between risperidone and haloperidol may be due to their differential actions on serotoninergic receptors (Trampus and Ongini 1990 Trampus et al. 1993). 

Han CS, Kim YK. A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium. Psychoso-matics 2004 45(4) 297-301. 

Bilder, R.M., Goldman, R.S., Volavka, J., et al Neurocognitive effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.. 4m. J. Psychiatry 159, 1018-1028, 2002. 

Janicak et al. (87) studied the relative efficacy and safety of risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizoaffective disorder. Sixty-two patients (29 depressed type, 33 bipolar type) entered a randomized, double-blind, 6-week trial of risperidone (up to 10 mg/day) or haloperidol (up to 20 mg/day). They found no difference between risperidone and haloperidol in the amelioration of psychotic and manic symptoms nor any significant worsening of mania with either agent. For the total PANSS, risperidone produced a mean decrease of 16 points from baseline, compared with a 14-point decrease with haloperidol. For the total CARS-M scale, risperidone and haloperidol produced mean change scores of 5 and 8 points, respectively and for the CARS-M mania factor, 3 and 7 points, respectively. 

Shows a 100-fold lower affinity for the receptor (approximately equivalent to that of risperidone and haloperidol) than for the other dopamine receptor subtypes. 

Nam M, Sook-Haeng J, Jung IW, et al. Comparative efficacy of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of Tourette s disorders. 44th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Toronto, 1997. 

The relation of prolactin concentrations and certain adverse events has been explored by using data from two large randomized, double-blind studies (n = 2725 813 women, 1912 men) (1018). Both risperidone and haloperidol produced dose-related increases in plasma prolactin concentrations in men and women, but they were not correlated with adverse events such as amenorrhea, galactorrhea, or reduced libido in women or with erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, gynecomastia, or reduced libido in men. Nevertheless, in five patients risperidone (1-8 mg/day) caused amenorrhea in association with raised serum prolactin concentrations (mean 122 ng/ml, range 61-230 ng/ml reference range 2.7-20 ng/ml) (1019). 

David SR, Taylor CC, Kinon BJ, Breier A. The effects of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on plasma prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia. Clin Ther 2000 22(9) 1085-96. 

Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY, Zhang PY, Wu GY, Shen YC. Prolactin levels in male schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone and haloperidol a double-blind and randomized study. Psychopharmacology 2005 178 35 10. 

Harvey, P. D., Rabinowitz, J., Eerdekens, M., Davidson, M. 2005, Treatment of cognitive impairment in early psychosis a comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in a large long-term trial, Am.J.Psychiatry, vol. 162, no. 10, pp. 1888-1895. 

In a comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia, those taking risperidone had greater reductions in the mean severity of both psychotic symptoms and extrapyramidal adverse effects than those taking haloperidol (71) (SEDA-26, 53). The conclusion was that the preponderance of the evidence now supports the use of risperidone as a first-line treatment for patients with schizophrenia (76). Nevertheless, the use of higher-than-optimal doses of typical drugs was also mentioned as a caveat of the study. 

Volavka J, Czobor P, Sheitman B, Lindenmayer JP, Citrome L, McEvoy JP, Cooper TB, Chakos M, Lieberman JA. Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002 159(2) 255-62. 

Sacristan JA, Gomez JC, Montejo AL, Vieta E, Gregor KJ. Doses of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol used in clinical practice results of a prospective phar-macoepidemiologic study. EFESO Study Group. Estudio Farmacoepidemiologico en la Esquizofrenia con Olanzapina. Clin Ther 2000 22(5) 583-99. 

Csernansky JG, Mahmoud R, Brenner R. Risperidone-USA-79 Study Group. A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2002 346(l) 16-22. 

Yen Y-C, Lung F-W, Chong M-Y. Adverse effects of risperidone and haloperidol treatment in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004 28 285-90. 

Schooler N, Rabinowitz J, Davidson M, Emsley R, Harvey PD, Kopala L, McGorry PD, Van Hove I, Eerdekens M, Swyzen W, De Smedt G Early Psychosis Global Working Group. Risperidone and haloperidol in first-episode psychosis a long-term randomized trial. Am J Psychiatry 2005 162 947-53. 

Smulevich AB, Khanna S, Eerdekens M, Karcher K, Kramer M, Grossman F. Acute and continuation risperidone monotherapy in bipolar mania a 3-week placebo-controlled trial followed by a 9-week double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005 15 75-84. 

A case report describes neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient taking risperidone and haloperidol. 

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