Rice field water temperatures

Data on weather conditions, especially temperature and rainfall (temporal distribution and intensity) in the study area are essential for the evaluation of the dissipation data. It is very important to understand the water balance in the paddy field as accurately as possible when calculating the rate of outflow. Records of changes in water temperature and sediment temperature are also helpful for modeling the behavior of a chemical in the rice paddy field. 

Ammonia volatilization is recognized as the major process by which nitrogen fertilizers are lost from paddy fields, especially when urea or other ammonium-based fertilizers are surface applied to the water column. In tropical climates, high water temperatures associated with algal activity in the water column are conducive to enhance volatilization of added fertilizers. Urea, a common fertilizer for rice in Asia, is rapidly hydrolyzed within the week after application to submerged soils. Ammonia originating from the hydrolyzed urea accumulates in floodwater, and the peak concentration of ammonia in the floodwater of tropical rice fields typically occurs within 1-5 days after urea... 

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