Reverberatory roasting smelting

Flintshire An early lead-smelting process in which galena was roasted in a reverberatory furnace. 

Smelting in Blast Furnaces.—The use of the blast furnace involves the necessity of a somewhat different treatment. The Scotch furnace or ore-hearth, described at page 465, may be taken as the type of this kind of furnace when adapted to the smelting of lead ores. Generally very rich ores are operated upon where the Scotch furnace is employed end these are subjected before smelting to a preliminary roasting in a furnace of the reverberatory class,... 

CA Registry No [7440-31-5]. Occurs to the extent of 6 x l0" % in the earth s crust. Found in cassiterite, stannite and tealite. CommI prepn is by roasting the ore (cassiterite) to oxidize sulfates and to remove arsine, then reducing with coal in a reverberatory furnace or by smelting in an electric furnace... 

The residue from the chloridised speiss, after extraction of soluble cobalt and nickel salts, is extracted with sodium thiosulphate, to dissolve out silver chloride, which is recovered as the sulphide and reduced to metal. The residue is dried, ground, and smelted with quartz to remove most of the iron as a slag. This slag is reworked with more ore in the blast-furnaces, as it contains silver and cobalt. The new speiss simultaneoiisly produced is treated as described above for recovering cobalt and nickel, copper, and silver. The final residue is dried, mixed with 20 per cent, of sodium nitrate and 10 per cent, of sodium carbonate, and roasted in reverberatory furnace to convert the arsenic into sodium arsenate, which is extracted with hot water. The dried residue has the following average composition ... 

Epitome of Process.—The ore is first dressed, roasted, and then smelted in blast or reverberatory furnaces to a ferruginous matte consisting essentially of sulphides of copper, nickel, and iron. This is then oxidised in a blast of air in a converter in an analogous manner to the production of steel by the basic Bessemer process. By this means practically all the iron is removed, and as much sulphur as possible without excessive loss of nickel. On an average the product contains approximately ... 

Treatment of Arsenical Ores.—Nickel is also obtained on a small scale from its arsenical ores. These are roasted to remove part of the arsenic and sulphur, smelted with silica and coke to remove iron in the slag, and the crude nickel arsenide thus obtained roasted in a reverberatory furnace to oxidise more iron and remove more arsenic. The last two operations are repeated until the product is sufficiently... 

The cassiterite ore is obtained by dredging, open-cast mining, or gravel-washing, in which the ore is washed out of the deposit with high-pressure jets of water. The cassiterite has a density 2.5 times that of sand, and the ore is concentrated by gravity. It is roasted to remove arsenic and sulfur, and to convert metal sulfides into oxides, then it is reduced by smelting with coal or fuel oil in a reverberatory, rotary, or electric furnace (Equation 1.1.1). 

Production of primary copper involves an initial roasting of the ore concentrate. This is followed by smelting in a reverberatory or electric furnace, the former being more commonly used. The copper matte produced is purified in a converter, forming bhster copper which is further refined, mostly by an electrolytic process. The composition of the most contaminated effluent streams appears in Table 5.5. Fugitive emissions inevitably also accompany the production processes. 

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