Reusable binders

Other reusable finishing products are thermoplastic hotmelt grades that can be remelted. Because of this thermoplastic behavior they are not suitable for washable applications. To achieve wash resistance, reactive hotmelt systems should be used, being curable using humidity or UV, though not reusable. 

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The photoconductivity of organic dyes, especially phthalocyanine pigments, could be utilized to provide reusable or non-reusable electrophotographic plates having sensitivities that extend over the entire visible spectrum and produce high-contrast images 167,168) Microcrystalline dispersions of metal-free phthalocyanine in suitable binders have a white-light sensitivity equal to that of selenium 169> and can be incorporated into coated papers and drums. 

Concrete is a cheap fire and corrosion resistant material. However, active species, especially easily soluble ions such as cesium, can be leached from it by water. Addition of plastic binders to the concrete in order to improve its properties have been suggested. In the continuous bitumen extruder process for semi-liquid wastes all water is directly eliminated, considerably reducing the waste volume. The bitumen mixture is placed in steel drums of standard size (150-2001). When additional shielding is desired, the filled drums are placed into disposable or reusable sleeves of concrete, iron, or lead. Such a sleeve of 12 cm lead weighs 7 t, and reduces the surface dose rate by a factor of —10. A typical unshielded bitum i drum may have a surface dose rate of 1 Sv h necessitating remote handling. 

The initial investment on the machine and the mold is rather high. However, the production is rapid, and the molds are reusable and permanent. The machine operates at low temperatures, just above the melting temperatures of the binders. 

Tian C, Bao C, Binder A, Zhu Z, Hu B, Guo Y, Zhao B, Dai S (2013) An efficient and reusable hairy particle acid catalyst for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfuriural from dehydration of fructose in water. Chem Commun 49(77) 8668-8670... 

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