Retroreflection

Figure B2.1.2 Modified Michelson interferometer for non-collinear intensity autocorrelation. Symbols used rl, r2, retroreflecting mirror pair mounted on a translation stage bs, beamsplitter x, nonlinear crystal pint, photomultiplier Pibe.

Phenohc/adhesives adhesives / sealants / gaskets abrasives and break pad binders printed circuit boards stmctural composites /laminates Metal/glass binders metal oxide binders retroreflective coatings glass optical coatings Hard copy printing inks toners... 

Retroreflective sheeting products used on traffic control signs and retro-reflective license plates for vehicles. 

The pictures in Fig. 21 demonstrate retroreflective film applications on a truck. The retroreflective part of the graphic in the daylight picture is still visible at night when the headlights of an approaching vehicle hit the surface. This makes it also an important safety feature by improving nighttime visibility. 

Fig. 21. Retroreflective sheeting in a transportation application. (Left, in daylight. Right, illuminated by headlight at night).

Figure 4.2 Schematic of basic probe designs transmission cell, immersion probe (retroreflecting and transmission), attenuated total internal reflection.

Deng YZ, Li BC. On-column refractive-index detection based on retroreflected beam interference for capillary electrophoresis. App/ierf Optics 37, 998-1005, 1998. 

A primary way to do this is to iteratively retroreflect the nondiverted Heaviside energy flow component after each pass, reflecting it back and forth across the surface charges in the circuit s conductors, collecting additional EM energy in the circuit on each repass. 

As a seventh suggestion, intense sudden discharges in ionized gases are especially of interest because of the presence of optical frequency components and the involvement of iterative optical retroreflection and other processes. These processes seem to be involved in several investigations and inventions [50-52].24... 

Figure 9.12 Spectroelectrochemical cell for Fourier-transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FTIRRAS). (A) Cell components showing Teflon bar for controlling the sample path length (B) retroreflection absorption optics for use with this cell. [From I.T. Bae, X. Xing, E.B. Yeager, and D. Scherson, Anal. Chem. 61 1164 (1989). Copyright 1989 American Chemical Society.]...

The first four mirrors (>99.7% reflectance at 1.06 micron) act as a far field isolator which locates the multipass cavity 15 meters away from the laser and effectively isolates the laser from the potentially damaging retroreflected 1.06 micron radiation from the normal incidence beam splitter. The multipass cavity is aligned by monitoring the retroreflected 1.06 micron pulse which is found to emerge from the Nd YAG laser cavity, 120 nsec after the original pulse, when optimum alignment is achieved. 

There are three basic varieties of explo-trons a) furcated or branched b) rectilineal or retroreflective and c) hybrids of a b... 

The rectilineal or retroreflective explotron is simply a straight pipe or tunnel. At the upstream end there is sited the irradiable target T which, depending upon the power-... 

FIGURE 2.5 Some possible configurations of laser source and receiver detectors for use in remote sensing of air pollutants (a) Simple direct absorption mode, (b) Retroreflective direct absorption mode, (c) Backscatter from aerosols mode. 

Glass-ceramic Microspheres Impart Yellow Color to Retroreflected Light US Patent 6,479,417, 12 November 2002. 

The backscattering intensity of the horizontally oriented particle is much stronger than that of its 3D oriented counterparts. This is due to the stronger likelihood for retroreflection for this illumination condition and... 

As the size of the ice particle increases, the ratio of the longest to the smallest dimension (aspect ratio) also becomes larger [1]. This in turn decreases the probability for retroreflection at 90°prisms for the 3D randomly oriented particles. Accordingly, the backscattering intensity decreases with effective radius for these particle orientations. For the horizontally oriented columns, the light rays do not interact with the hexagonal base planes, and the intensity increases with size. 

Retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors, requirements for semitrailers and trailers manufactured before December 1, 1993. 

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