Retinal pigment models

Restricted Hartree-Fock method, 34 136 Retinal pigment models, 32 451-452 Reverse spillover, 34 2, 4, 11, 16, 31, 44, 46,... 

As already cited, bifunctionalized or multifunctionalized cyclo-dextrins have versatile applications to biomimetic chemistry as it is seen in a retinal pigment model(9). 

Kim, S.R., Jang, Y.P., Jockusch, S., Fishkin, N.E., Turro, N.J., Sparrow, J.R., 2007b. The all-trans-retinal dimer series of lipofuscin pigments in retinal pigment epithelial cells in a recessive Stargardt disease model. Pmc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104, 19273-19278. 

Retinal as Visual Pigment Model Spectroscopy and Physical Chemistry. Several theoretical, spectroscopic, and photochemical studies aimed at correlating the behaviour of retinal and derivatives, especially Schiff s bases, with that of rhodopsin and related visual pigments have been reported.95-104 A review of recent work in this field has been presented.105... 

The n.m.r. spectra of some retinal derivatives as visual pigment models have also been reported. " ... 

Retinal as Visual Pigment Model Spectroscopy and Physical Chemistry 173... 

Lutetium texaphyrin (Lu-tex) is a water-soluble, porphyrin-related molecule which has been studied as a photosensitizer in experimental models of atherosclerosis and various tumors (29). In vitro work in our laboratory revealed preferential uptake of Lu-Tex by bovine capillary endothelial cells when compared with retinal pigment epithelial cells, suggesting the possibility of increased selectivity (R. Z. Renno and J. W. Miller, unpublished data). When Lu-Tex PDT was applied to the monkey model of experimental CNV, closure of the neovascular membranes was achieved at doses of l-2mg/kg with irradiation 10-40 minutes after injection using 732nm light at 50-100 J/cm2 (30). Limited toxicity to retinal and choroidal structures, similar to that seen with verteporfin was observed. 

N.M.R. Spectroscopy. The H and Cn.m.r. spectra of several molecules, e.g. j8-ionol (180), have been determined as models of hindered isomers of retinal. The conformation of the chromophore of retinylidene Schiflf bases, as visual pigment models, has been investigated by H and n.m.r. Rhodopsin-phospholipid interactions have also been studied by n.m.r. ... 

Toimela T, Tahti H, Salminen L (1995) Retinal pigment epithelium cell culture as a model for evaluation of the toxicity of tamoxifen and chloroquine. Ophthalmic Research 27 Suppl 1 150-153. 

Rhodopsin is a seven ot-helix trans-membrane protein and visual pigment of the vertebrate rod photoreceptor cells that mediate dim light vision. In this photoreceptor, retinal is the chromophore bound by opsin protein, covalently linked to Lys296 by a Schiff base linkage. Kpega et al.64 have studied NMR spectra of Schiff bases being derivatives of all-frans retinal and amino-p-cyclodextrins as a model of rhodopsin, where p-cyclodextrin plays a role of a binding pocket. On the basis of analysis of the chemical shift differences for the model compound in the presence and in the absence of adamantane carboxylate, it has been shown that the derivative of 3-amino-p-cyclodextrin forms dimer in water and retinoid is inserted into p-cyclodextrin cavity [31]. 

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