Retention pneumonia

Aspiration Pneumonia 358 Retention Pneumonia 358 Non-Infectious Disease 358... 

Rx of pneumonia, skin, soft tissue Infxns, osteomyelitis caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci Action Bactericidal X cell wall synth Dose Adults. 250-500 mg qid Feds <40 kg, 12.5-100 mg/kg/d - qid take on empty stomach Caution [B, ] Contra Component orPCN sensitivity Disp Caps 125, 250, 500 mg soln 62.5 mg/5 mL SE N/D, abd pain Interactions T Effects W/ disulfiram, probenecid T effects OF MRX, X effects W/ macrolides, tetracyclines, food X effects OF OCPs, warfarin EMS Monitor for signs of electrolyte disturbances and hypovolemia d/t D OD May cause N/V/D, behavior changes, urinary retention, skin rash and Szs symptomatic and supportive... 

High concentration oxygen therapy is reserved for a state of low PaOj in association with a normal or low PaCO (type I respiratory failure), as in pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, myocardial infarction, and young patients with acute severe asthma. Concentrations of up to 100% may be used for short periods, since there is little risk of inducing hypoventilation and CO retention. 

Lubricants such as mineral oil increase water retention in the stool. Mineral oil absorbs essential fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Some of the minerals can be absorbed into the lymphatic system. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping. They are not indicated for children, the elderly, or patients with debilitating conditions because they can aspirate the mineral oil, resulting in lipid pneumonia. 

Relatedly, malfunction of one of the sodium-water control mechanisms, such as a kidney that normally excretes excess water, can result in fluid retention and dilutional hyponatremia. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus function to release ADH (which controls water reabsorption), and the cortex of the adrenal gland seaetes aldosterone (which controls sodium reabsorption). An alteration in the function of either of these hormone systems will alter the body s regulation of sodium or water and can result in hyponatremia. 2 For example, in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), excessive ADH is produced (usually by a tumor or some pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis or bacterial pneumonia), and the kidneys reabsorb excessive fluids, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia. Conditions causing decreased aldosterone secretion include... 

In addition to stent insertion, a multitude of endobronchial endoscopy-assisted procedures can be carried out. In the case of complete bronchial occlusion, stent insertion immediately opens the postobstructed broncho-alveolar system. Often, postobstructive pneumonia, abscess formation or mucus retention can be treated with suction and lavage after stent insertion. In the case of mucosal tumors causing obstruction, endobronchial therapeutic measures such as laser ablation can be carried out to remove tumor burden prior to stent placement. 

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