Respiratory gating

Keall R Vedam S, George R et al. (2006) The clinical implementation of respiratory-gated intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Med Dosim 31 152-162... 

In pulmonary lesions, FNAB has been reported to have diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity rates of more than 93% (Swischuk et al. 1998) and 95% (Klein et al. 1996 Laurent et al. 2000), respectively. While several authors reported accuracy rates of less than 75% for lesions 1 cm or smaller (Li et al. 1996 Tsukada et al. 2000 vanSonnenberg and Casola 1988), respiratory gating (Tomiyama et al. 2000) and CTF (Irie et al. 2001) have contributed to improve success rates. The study of Irie et al. (2001) showed a reduction of procedure time using CTF (m = 79 biopsies with 29 lesions <1.5 cm), while accuracy was not improved for the subset of patients with lesions <1 cm. 

Tomiyama N et al. (2000) CT-guided needle biopsy of small pulmonary nodules value of respiratory gating. Radiology 217 907-910... 

CT images will firmly be integrated into the current intervention workflow. One of the other challenges is to integrate the data from C-arm CT into a navigation system that allows the support of particularly difficult procedures. Currently, neither navigation nor respiratory gating systems are available for the C-arm CT systems. 

Figure 5.1 Respiratory-gated H spin-echo images of (a) fibrotic mouse lung and (b) healthy mouse lung. Images were collected with TR 3 s, TE = 20 ms, FOV = 2.5 cm, slice thickness = 1 mm, 128 x 128 data matrix, four averages. [From Ref. (41).]...

Figure 5.2 (a) Single slice from coronal, respiratory-gated spin-echo MR images of a... 

Garbow JR, Dugas J, Conradi M. Respiratory gating for MRI and MRS in rodents. IEEE Symp Bioinformatic Bioeng 2003 3 126-129. 

Garbow JR, Dugas J, Song S-K, Conradi M. A Simple, Robust hardware device for passive or active respiratory gating in MRI and MRS experiments. Concepts Magn Reson, Part B Magn Reson Eng 2004 21B 40-48. 

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