Resistance distilled water

Further evidence of the relative resistance of maraging steel is reproduced in Fig. 3.33 from Reference 24. Maraging steel is shown to be superior to a die steel and low alloy steel (both unidentified) in bent beam tests stressed at 75% of the yield strength in distilled water. Also shown is the beneficial effect in smooth surface tests of cold rolling. Shot peening has a similar beneficial effect . 

Pure tin is completely resistant to distilled water, hot or cold. Local corrosion occurs in salt solutions which do not form insoluble compounds with stannous ions (e.g. chloride, bromide, sulphate, nitrate) but is unlikely in solutions giving stable precipitates (e.g. borate, mono-hydrogen phosphate, bicarbonate, iodide) . In all solutions, oxide film growth occurs and the potential of the metal rises. Any local dissolution may not begin for several days but, once it has begun, it will continue, its presence being manifested... 

Care must be taken with both sintered glass and porous base crucibles to avoid attempting the filtration of materials that may clog the filter plate. A new crucible should be washed with concentrated hydrochloric acid and then with distilled water. The crucibles are chemically inert and are resistant to all solutions which do not attack silica they are attacked by hydrofluoric acid, fluorides, and strongly alkaline solutions. 

Deep-UV exposures were performed on a Karl Suss MA 56M contact aligner fitted with a Lambda Physik KrF excimer laser (X.=248.7 nm) operating at an output of 13 mJ/cm2/sec at 100 Hz. Resist films were dip developed in aqueous TMAH and rinsed in distilled water. 

Similar results were obtained in a study of the combined effect of ultrasound (20 kHz) and heat treatment on the survival of two strains of Bacillus subtilis in distilled water, glycerol and milk [17]. When spores, suspended in water or milk, were subjected to ultrasonic waves before heat treatment little or no decrease of the heat resistance was observed. However when heat and ultrasound were applied simultaneously the heat treatment times in milk were reduced by 74% for B. subtilis var, niger-40 and by 63 % for B. subtilis var, ATCC 6051 and similar results were obtained in glycerol. Thermosonication in water was more marked reducing the heat resistance of the spores by up to 99.9 % in the 70 - 95 °C range. The effect of thermosonication was slightly diminished to 75 % as the temperature reached the boiling point of water. 

When prometryn in aqueous solution was exposed to UV light for 3 h, the herbicide was completely converted to hydroxypropazine. Irradiation of soil suspensions containing prometryn was found to be more resistant to photodecomposition. About 75% of the applied amount was converted to hydroxypropazine after 72 h of exposure (Khan, 1982). The UV (A = 253.7 nm) photolysis of prometryn in water, methanol, ethanol, /i-butanol, and benzene yielded 2-methylthio-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine. At wavelengths >300 nm, photodegradation was not observed (Pape and Zabik, 1970). Khan and Gamble (1983) also studied the UV irradiation (A = 253.7 nm) of prometryn in distilled water and dissolved humic substances. In distilled water, 2-hydroxy-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-5-triazine and 4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-5-triazine formed as major products. 

Figure A. Comparison of air-side electrical resistivity of a cobalt chloride modified BDSDA-ODA polyimide film before and after soaking in distilled water.

Another technique for studying the absorption of CO2 into water uses an interferometer to obtain the concentration gradients as close as 0.01 cm. to the surface (Bl) a cine-camera permits results to be obtained within 5 sec. of the admission of the CO2. Though various corrections are I c fiuired, it is claimed that this method eliminates convection difficulties and that resistances as low as 0.25 sec. cm. i can be detected. Experimental results for CO2 into distilled water show no detectable interfacial resistance, though, when surface-active agents (Lissapol, Teepol) are dissolved in the water, the values of Rj are about 35 sec. cm.. ... 

The fatigue behaviour of pure hydroxy- and fluorhydroxyapatite-sintered bioceramics has been studied in ambient air, distilled water and simulated human saliva [86]. The authors observed that, as a general trend, HA ceramics exhibited a lower resistance to fatigue than fluoridated ones. Another work [87] showed that the hardness remained essentially unchanged until 80% of OH were replaced with F , whereas it noticeably increased with greater fluoride contents. The elastic... 

Colloidal platinum may be prepared very easily by arcing under distilled water between platinum electrodes (Fig. 24). The current is taken from an ordinary 110-volt lighting circuit through an ammeter and an adjustable resistance in series or simply through a known... 

Rinse sections in high-quality distilled water to remove all traces of chloride ions and other impurities that might contaminate the silver-enhancing solution. Some commercial enhancement solutions are reported to be resistant to contamination, the user should evaluate this carefully, especially if high levels of nonspecific background are encountered... 

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