Reservoir connectivity/continuity

The conditions described above ensure that the feed-liquid membrane interface and the liquid membrane-sweep/strip interface will be stable and mass transport will continue. Any loss or change in the liquid membrane is continuously made up by a pressurized membrane liquid reservoir connected to the shell-side membrane fluid. Majumdar et al. (2001) provide a concise description of this technique. The basic technique has been illustrated in Majumdar et al. (1988) and Guha et al. (1992) for gas separation and in Sengupta et al. (1988) for liquid separation. For gas separation, Guha et al. (1992) have demonstrated that feed-gas separation may he implemented with conventional gas permeation, permeate side under vacuum, sweep gas and sweep liquid. In both techniques the overall resistance to transfer maybe described as a sum of five resistances in series ... 

Reservoir sand continuity (<400 m) Well to well connectivity Loss of injection benefits Use of tracer and better defined geoiogy. Tracer test. Monitor return production of oii and poiymer. BHP response, interference test... 

A conventional high-vacuum system was used. In a typical experiment ca. 0.5g of catalyst was placed in the catalyst chamber and system was evacuated at 400°C for 2 hours at lO" Torr. The catalyst chamber was then cooled to -78°C by dry-ice + acetone bath and the evacuation was continued at this temperature for 15 min. Oxygen from a reservoir, connected to a high vacuum manifold. 

Reservoir pressure is measured in selected wells using either permanent or nonpermanent bottom hole pressure gauges or wireline tools in new wells (RFT, MDT, see Section 5.3.5) to determine the profile of the pressure depletion in the reservoir. The pressures indicate the continuity of the reservoir, and the connectivity of sand layers and are used in material balance calculations and in the reservoir simulation model to confirm the volume of the fluids in the reservoir and the natural influx of water from the aquifer. The following example shows an RFT pressure plot from a development well in a field which has been producing for some time. 

SPE purification was carried out continually after the SEE procedure. The SPE tube was mounted on a vacuum manifold and preconditioned with 2 mL acetone and 2 mL of acetone-water (2 1, v/v) successively. The tube was connected with a 25-mL reservoir into which the extract was transferred. After percolation, the tube was rinsed with 10 mL of water-acetone (2 1, v/v) and the sorbent was dried under vacuum for 15 min. The residue was eluted with 5 mL of acetone into a volumetric flask. As well as water-acetone (2 1, v/v), 2 mL of acetonitrile-water (1 1, v/v) were also used for rinsing. ... 

Kumar and Kuloor s device (K15) This device avoids the necessity of continuous control, and it can collect gas samples without disturbing the flow conditions in the main equipment as shown in Fig. 1. The device consists of a graduated burette (1) for collecting the bubbles and a levelling reservoir (2). The stopcock (3) at the top of (1) permits the levelling liquid to fill the burette, and thus prepare it for bubble collection. The reservoir (2) is divided into two chambers by an overflow tube (4). The outer chamber is connected to this tube by the stopcock (5). The burette and the reservoir are connected through a rubber tube. The capacity of the reservoir is about one and a half times that of the burette. 

Here F filters a suspension and produces a clear filtrate as well as a concentrated suspension which is pumped into and out of reservoir RZ. During the process a fraction of the concentrated suspension is eliminated. In order to have a continuous process it is advisable to have working state values close to steady state values. The exit or output control variables (D and CD registered) are connected to a data acquisition system (DAS), which gives the computer (PC) the values of the filtrate flow rate and of the solid concentration for the suspension transported. 

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