Requirements, estimated average energy

Table 5.5 shows estimated average energy requirements at different ages, assuming average body weight and, for adults, the average PAL of 1.4 X BMR. 

C06-0136. The heat required to sustain animais that hibernate comes from the biochemicai combustion of fatty acids, one of which is arachidonic acid. For this acid, (a) determine its structurai formuia (b) write its baianced combustion reaction (c) use average bond energies to estimate the energy released in the combustion reaction and (d) caicuiate the mass of arachidonic acid needed to warm a 500-kg bear from 5 to 25 °C. (Assume that the average heat capacity of bear flesh is 4.18 J/g K.)... 

Our daily activities require a certain number of calories in the form of food. If our food supply exceeds substantially our energy needs, obesity develops. This condition is a serious problem in the United States. Tables are available that indicate energy requirements for the various activities of our daily lives, and these can be used to estimate our energy needs. Table 21.8 indicates some such values, plus the daily activity of an average U.S. soldier after basic training. From this we can then calculate the daily energy requirement for a typical U.S. trooper. 

The average local ionization energy was introduced [Sjdberg et al, 1990] to estimate the average energy required to remove an electron located at the point r from the molecule and is defined as ... 

The tubular reactor with static mixers was chosen for the documented capability of static mixers to accomphsh the following important functions for fast multiple reactions in turbulent flow (1) homogeneity down to the molecular level can be achieved in a few tube diameters (2) very short mixing time and narrow residence time distributions are required and (3) high rates of energy dissipation are achievable (average energy dissipation rates can be calculated from pressure drop and local rates can be estimated). 

DRIs, dietary reference intakes EAR, estimated average requirement RDA, recommended dietary allowance AI, adequate intake.-Data from Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2002) Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, Amino Acids. Washington, DC The National Academies Press. 

Where, Ep is the average energy required to produce an electron-hole pair and P is the fraction of charge carriers that survive until the end of the pulse. The values of P are estimated according to a model that describes scavenging of the charge carriers by the aromatic cores of the columnar structures formed by the discotic molecules, see for example ref [14], Since JZftTRMc is measured in three dimensions, the intracolumnar mobility parallel to the columns JZb io is three times as big. 

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