Reproduction prokaryotes

From this account of prokaryotes it must be clear that the switches from anaerobic to protoaerobic and then to aerobic chemotypes amongst prokaryotes was not a gain in intrinsic cellular efficiency in the processes of fast reproduction and survival... 

Despite the reservations about their efficiency as individual cells, we have to stress that prokaryotes as a whole were and are extremely successful (see Whitman et al. in Further Reading). In closing the account of them we must not forget their rapid reproduction and their easy adaptation to a changing environment. This evolution... 

Prokaryotic Unicellular, filamentous, colonial or mycelial Little or no differentiation Anaerobic, aerobic, facultatively-anaerobic, microaerophilic or aerotolerant Asexual reproduction Cell walls (with some exceptions) bacteria and archaea Monera... 

Mycoplasmas differ from other prokaryotes by their lack of a cell wall. They are unable to produce even precursors of bacterial cell wall polymers, unlike L-forms of bacteria that can do so under the right environmental conditions. Their size is another distinguishing feature they are the smallest self-rephcating prokaryotes, with coccoid forms of only 0.3 pm diameter capable of reproduction. Their genome size is approximately one-sixth that of Escherichia coli. 

Cells are the fundamental units of life. They are functional entities, each of which is enclosed in a semipermeable membrane that varies in composition and function both over a single cell surface and between different cell types. There are two basic forms of cell prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotes are most noted for their small sizes and relatively simple structures. Presumably because of these traits, in addition to their remarkably rapid reproduction rates and biochemical diversity, various prokaryotic species occupy virtually every ecological niche in the biosphere. In contrast, the most conspicuous feature of the eukaryotes is their extraordinarily complex internal structure. Because eukaryotes carry out their various metabolic functions in a variety of membrane-bound organelles, they are capable of a more sophisticated intracellular metabolism. The diverse metabolic regulatory mechanisms made possible by this complexity promote two important lifestyle features required by multicellular organisms cell specialization and intercellular cooperation. Consequently, it is not surprising that the majority of eukaryotes are multicellular organisms composed of numerous types of specialized cells. 

The Endosymbiotic Theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living and possibly evolved from prokaryotic cells. At some point in our evolutionary history, they entered the eukaryotic cell and maintained a symbiotic relationship with the cell, with both the cell and organelle benefiting from the relationship. The fact that they both have their own DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and are capable of reproduction helps to confirm this theory. 

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