Reproduction fertilization

Vallies J et al A two-generation reproduction-fertility study of cyanamide in the rat. Pharmacol Toxicol 61 20-25, 1987... 

PYAP Tablet coatings/ink component for capsules Single dose in various species, repeat dose (oral gavage or diet and up to 2 yrs in duration in rat and dog) and reproduction (fertility study in rat, embryo-fetal studies in rat and rabbit, and peri-postnatal study in rat) toxicity Well tolerated [limited extreme high-dose effects seen (Table 3)]... 

Hemminki et al. (ref. 19) have edited the book "Occupational Hazards and Reproduction", containing pertinent chapters on experimental teratogenicity and embryotoxlcity of occupational chemicals, prediction and detection of teratogenicity, occupational exposure to chemicals among women—implications for reproduction, fertility outcome in some Swedish groups occupationally exposed to chemicals, congenital malformation surveillance system in Finland, etc. 

Kleinstein, J. (2005), Efficacy and tolerability of vaginal progesterone capsules (Utrogest 200) compared with progesterone gel (Crinone 8%) for luteal phase support during assisted reproduction, Fertil. Steril., 83,1641-1649. 

Normally, those chemicals classified as highly toxic, highly sensitizing, carcinogenic, or affecting the reproductive/fertility field are considered very dangerous and very risky for humans, and special containment and safety procedures are required for them. In some cases, they are banned from the market or from use in chemical industries. 

Zysk, J R, Bushway, A A, Whistler, R L, Carlton, W W, Temporary sterility produced in male mice by 5-thio-D-glucose, J. Reproduct. Fertil, 45, 69-72, 1975. 

Nakamura, M, Hall, P F, Effect of 5-thio-D-glucose on protein synthesis in vitro by various types of cells from rat testes, J. Reproduct. Fertil, 49, 395-397, 1977. 

Zysk JR, Bushway AA, Whistler RL, Carlton WW (1975) J Reproduct Fertil 45 69... 

Ousey J C, Rossdale P D, Dudan F E et al 1998 The effects of Intrafetal ACTH administration on the outcome of pregnancy in the mare. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10 359-367... 

The reproductive toxicity of cyanamide has been studied in a two-generation study of reproduction-fertility in rats, involving oral daily doses of 2, 7, or 25 mg kg cyanamide. The highest dose level resulted in decreases in weight, number of corpora lutea, number of implantations, and numbers of neonates. 

A different form of toxicity occurs in the estrogen and androgen receptors when environmental chemicals have the ability to bind to them. Acting both as agonists or antagonists, these so-called endocrine disruptors are responsible for a number of hormone-related cancers, in addition to their roles in adversely affecting sexual development and reproductive fertility. 

A number of other lines of evidence point to the reproductively fertile P. wkhmannii... 

Lim KJ, Odukoya OA, Ajjan RA, Li TC, Weetman AP, Cook ID. The role of T helper cytokines in human reproduction. Fertil Steril 2000 73 136-142. 

Sharara FI, Seifer DB, Flaws JA. 1998. Environmental toxicants and femlae reproduction. Fertil Steril 70(4) 613-622. 

Smith CG, Asch RH. 1987. Drug abuse and reproduction. Fertil Steril 48 355-373. 

Stillman RJ, Rosenberg MJ, Sachs BP. 1986. Smoking and reproduction. Fertil Steril 46 545-566. 

Copper is one of a number of metals which are known to be essential because they, like essential amino acids, essential fatty acids and essential cofactors, are required for normal metabolism but are not synthesized de novo. The essentiality of Cu was established by Hart, Steenbock, Waddell and Elvehjem [1] in 1928 when they demonstrated that it was required for the synthesis of haemoglobin. Since that time, Cu has been shown to be required for growth, keratinization, pigmentation, bone formation, reproduction, fertility, development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cardiac function, cellular respiration, nerve function, extracellular connective tissue formation, and regulation of... 

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