Replication proof

As far as Hopkins Nobel Prize is concerned, he deserved it even though his experimental "proofs" could not be replicated in a consistent fashion. He deserved the prize for one reason above all others persistence in promulgating an idea. At a time when the energy doctrine controlled nutrition, Hopkins was questioning its absolute validity. And while he was not the first to do so, he was the only one of the early questioners to proclaim his beliefs in print and to persist in a search for the elusive accessory growth factors, a search that required not only experimental work of his own but also a commitment to urge and train others to follow in his footsteps. 

Although DNA proof-reading and repair mechanisms within cells are very effective, inevitably some errors in replication remain uncorrected, and as a result become perpetuated in the DNA of the organism. Such permanent changes are called mutations. 

Factor space may be obtained from the matrix of random balance and analysis of variance. Information on number of replications of design points-trials in the basic experiment is obtained from analysis of variance, and some proofs about linear or nonlinear relationships between variables of the research subject from correlation analysis. 

Finally, replicate multinational RCTs, termed phase III studies, are usually performed in 1,000 to 5,000 patients, end points such as changes in bone mineral density, the occurrence of ulcers demonstrated by endoscopy, or the lowering of blood cholesterol or blood pressure being used. These so-called pivotal studies constitute the foundation for achieving rigorous clinical proof of the efficacy and safety of a new compound and for submitting a compound for regulatory approval. 

Therefore, planning for mortuary heating facilities" is by no means proof that said mortuary was used as homicidal gas chamber . At any rate, no engineering expert would have dreamed of incompletely quoting Jean-Claude Pressac, without stating his source, and without critical, replicable technical arguments. And further to present these incomplete quotation as the result of his own replicable thought process, as his own expert report . And what is more, the cancellation of the order in question renders this proof for the existence of gas chambers per se quite irrelevant. 

DNA polymerases are ubiquitous enzymes required for replication, repair and recombination of DNA genomes [121], Most DNA polymerases are multi-functional enzymes which exhibit, in addition to the polymerase activity, a 3 to 5 exonuclease activity involved in the fidelity of DNA synthesis (proof-reading). 

One of the early plant viruses used was the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a double stranded DNA virus that replicates through an RNA intermediate [38]. Using this virus extra DNA insertions are difficult to achieve, and often molecular recombinations rapidly eliminate the inserted transgene. In addition, replication of this virus requires an RNA step which can introduce errors because the inverse transcriptase does not have a proof-reading activity. Similarly, regarding RNA viruses, two viruses the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and the cowpea mosaic virus (CMV) have been successfully employed [39]. 

But wouldn t we expect animals to breed faster if faced with a threat to their survival These findings may be no more than an ecological equivalent of the faster rate of bacterial replication in response to irradiation, or our own urge to find a sexual partner in the last few minutes after a nuclear warning. Certainly the evidence is supportive of the disposable soma theory, but it is far from proof. Can the relationship be emulated in the laboratory, with minimal exposure to predators or other life-shorten-ing factors ... 

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