Replenishment rules

Another component of supply chain linkage is the quantity-timing decision for production. This decision includes the rules by which partners will order and replenish stock along the supply chain. Monden also describes the alternatives used to set up kanbans in the Toyota Production System. The first option is constant quantity. With the constant quantity decision, the same quantity is produced when a production need is triggered. This is particularly appropriate for operations with high set up costs. The selected quantity should be sufficient to assure an economic transfer. The second decision option is constant cycle. With this rule, stock is replenished on a fixed cycle. The quantity is determined by the actual amount used. 

Both methods pull material through the supply chain. According to Monden, the constant cycle method is favored for subcontractors in the Toyota Production System. These may take the form of milk runs to the supplier several times a day, a constant cycle method, to pick up material for 

The supply chain requires linkages to trigger movements of maferial. In general, ey will follow eifher fhe consfanf quantify or consfanf cycle rule. The rules can be mixed as we saw in application of fhe SCOR model. But one or the other should govern the movement of each ifem in fhe supply chain. Table 29.1 displays the advantages and disadvantages of each. 

Better for close operations with minimal transportation requirements. 

Can take advantage of EOQ economies for operations involving high set-up costs. 

Another decision associated with linkages is the quantity-timing decision for replenishment along the chain. This decision includes the rules by which partners will order and deliver stock along the supply chain. The first option is constant quantity, or fixed reorder quantity. With the constant quantity decision, the same quantity is produced or requested 

Working out which method to use is subject to objectives for the supply chain, contractual discussions, experimentation, and logistics between partners in the supply chain. But agreement to linkages and replenishment rules will be vital to orderly and low-cost movement of work along links in the supply chain. 

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In the case when demand always comes in unit size, then the base-stock control is a special case of the (Q, R) model, with <2=1- Hence, the base-stock control is sometimes also referred to as the one-for-one replenishment rule. 

Replenishment rules Characteristics of demand Relationships between suppliers and users of material Top down 6,19... 

To predict the direction of net reaction, recall that a concentration stress is relieved by reaction in the direction that consumes an added substance or replenishes a removed substance. This rule does not apply to pure solids or pure liquids because their concentrations are constant. 

Even if equilibrium is achieved in the excited state, the lifetime effect always remains in emission intensity measurements. If the experimentally determined quantity on the left of (28) is regarded as the approximate p/iT(S x)-value, the compound will appear to be a weaker acid than it really is i.e. too much BH+(S ) will seem to be present if BH+(S ) has the shorter lifetime, or a stronger acid if B(S ) has the shorter lifetime. The rule is that the species of shorter lifetime produces a greater emission than would be expected from the equilibrium concentrations, because its concentration is depleted more rapidly and is therefore replenished all the time from the longer-lived species in an attempt to maintain the equilibrium. 

Now, suppose the replenishment policy is a dynamic (S s) rule. Specifically, when A, > 0, we want to bring the inventory position to (> Hence, an additional amount, S, i — is needed, and the order quantity is ... 

Cachon, G., and Fisher, M. Campbell Soup s Continuous Product Replenishment Program Evaluation and Enhanced Decision Rules. Production and Operations Management, 6 266—276, 1997. 

The plot of k2 vs. i has a negative slope. According to the general rule (see Chap. 3), it gives an evidence of the replenishment of the depolarizer by subsequent disproportionation of the product. Then, the reaction mechanism of the second step should be considered as follows ... 

Three different buffer systems are commonly used. Regular chromatography buffer is most often used for fingerprinting or I-labeled proteins. Phospho chromatography buffer is a more hydrophilic mixture, and is the buffer of choice for analyzing phosphopeptides. Isobutyric acid buffer is used to resolve extremely hydrophilic phosphopeptides, but this buffer is malodorous. There are no rules that predict which buffer will be best. Try all three buffer systems and select the buffer that gives the best resolution. Buffer tanks can be used for several months with replenishment as the buffer level falls, but it is essential that the lids form an airtight seal with the tank, to prevent evaporation of the buffer. This can be achieved with... 

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