Renin-angiotensin system local

Asada Y, Yamazawa T, Hirose K, Takasaka T, lino M 1999 Dynamic Ca2+ signalling in rat arterial smooth muscle cells under the control of local renin-angiotensin system. J Physiol 521 497-505... 

Dostal DE, Rothblum KN, Chermin MJ, Cooper GR, Baker MK Intracellular detection of angio-tensinogen and renin A localized renin-angiotensin system in neonatal rat heart. Am J Physiol 1992 263 C838-C850. 

Bader, M. 2002. Role of the local renin-angiotensin system in cardiac damage a minireview focusing on transgenic animal models. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 34 1455-1462. 

Mazzolai, L., Nussberger, J., Aubert, J.F., Brunner, D.B., Gabbiani, G., Bruner, H.R., and Pedrazzini, T. 1998. Blood pressure-independent cardiac hypertrophy induced by locally activated renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension 31 1324-1330. 

ACE inhibitors block the formation of Ang II and the breakdown of BK, resulting in arteriolar vasodilatation. A vagomimetic property has been postulated (Ajayi et al 1985) explaining the lack of tachycardia in the face of peripheral vasodilatation. This, together with potassium retention, caused by inhibition of aldosterone secretion, has been speculated to produce an antiarrhythmic effect in humans (Pahor et al 1994), although this effect may also be a result of inhibition of the local renin-angiotensin system cardiac RAS (Linz et al 1989). 

Many tissues (e.g., brain, pituitary, blood vessels, heart, kidney, and adrenal gland) express mRNAs for renin, angiotensinogen, and/or ACE, and can produce renin, angiotensinogen, ACE, and Angl, 11, and 111. These local renin-angiotensin systems may influence vascular, cardiac, and renal function and structure. 

All ACE inhibitors effectively block the conversion of Angl to Angll, and aU have similar therapeutic indications, adverse-effect profiles, and contraindications. ACE inhibitors differ markedly in tissue distribution, and this difference might be exploited to inhibit some local renin-angiotensin systems while leaving others relatively intact possible therapeutic advantages remain to be established. 

Cheng, Q., Li, Y. C., Boucher, B. J., Leung, P. S. 2011. A novel role for vitamin D Modulation of expression and function of the local renin-angiotensin system in mouse pancreatic islets. Diabetologia, 54 2077-81. 

There is growing evidence that several hormones that have endocrine roles also operate at the local tissue level. For example, endotheUal and smooth muscle cells contain all the components of the renin-angiotensin system and UPA axis and the potential to synthesize Angll and cortisol (106-108). 

Mechanism of Action AnACE inhibitor that suppresses the renin-angiotensin-aldos-terone system and prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin 11, a potent vasoconstrictor may also inhibit angiotensin II at local vascular and renal sites. Decreases plasma angiotensin II, increases plasma renin activity, and decreases aldosterone secretion. Therapeutic Effect Reduces peripheral arterial resistance, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure improves cardiac output and exercise tolerance. Pharmacokinetics ... 

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