Renewable platform chemicals produced

Renewable Platform Chemicals Produced at Industrial Scale 485 26.5 Present Applications and Potential Market 490... 

AN OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT RENEWABLE PLATFORM CHEMICALS PRODUCED AT INDUSTRIAL SCALE... 

The catalytic conversion of platform molecules produced by bioconversion of renewables into bioproducts. This is already the basis of many industrial processes, leading to important tonnages of chemicals and polymers from carbohydrates and triglycerides and fine chemicals from terpenes. This approach needs to be extended and process efficiency should be strengthened by designing more active and selective catalysts. 

Succinic acid has been identified as an important platform chemical that can be produced from renewable carbon sources. The molecules that can be derived from... 

There are twelve important platform chemicals listed that are derived from biomass [26]. They include succinic acid, itaconic add, and glycerol. Some other important biobased renewable chemicals such as lactic acid and 1,4-butanediol are produced via fermentation and/or chemo-enzymatic processes from various biomass sources like com, sugarcane, wheat, etc. These platform chemicals have been used as starting materials for the production of polymers. 

There is a growing interest in deriving platform molecules from renewable resources to produce new chemicals, materials, and fuels. For this purpose, biomass opened new horizons for a drop-in transportation fuel that can replace or blend conventional diesel (Demirbas and Balat, 2006 Demirbas, 2006,2008). 

Only a small number of chemicals have been produced from renewable biomass via fermentation. Europe and the United States have planned to produce lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol on a commercial scale. Moreover, only these products are currently produced on an industrial scale competing with the petrochemical industry (Danner and Braim, 1999). While the fermentation routes can produce a range of platform chemicals, this process suffers due to the complex and often undesired metabolic pathways of microorganisms. A wide-ranging chemical tfxat can be produced by the fermentation of forest-based biomass is displayed in Fig. 16.2. 

The biorefinery scheme was developed initially for carbohydrate-containing feedstocks. Large biorefineries are currently operating in the USA (e.g., Cargill at Blair, Nebraska) and in Europe (e.g., Roquette Frs. at Lestrem, France). The concept can be extended to produce chemicals from other renewable feedstocks. An integrated production of oleochemicals and biofuels can be achieved in biorefineries using vegetables oils as main feedstock to produce versatile platform mole-... 

Abstract The dimerization of 1,3-dienes (e.g. butadiene) with the addition of a protic nucleophile (e.g. methanol) yields 2,7-octadienyl ethers in the so-called telomerization reaction. This reaction is most efficiently catalyzed by homogeneous palladium complexes. The field has experienced a renaissance in recent years as many of the platform molecules that can be renewably obtained from biomass are well-suited to act as multifunctional nucleophiles in this reaction. In addition, the process adheres to many of the principles of green chemistry, given that the reaction is 100% atom efficient and produces little waste. The telomerization reaction thus provides a versatile route for the production of valuable bulk and specialty chemicals that are (at least partly) green and renewable. The use of various multifunctional substrates that can be obtained from biomass is covered in this review, as well as mechanistic aspects of the telomerization reaction. 

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