Renewable energy biofuel

Judd, B., Feasibility of Producing Diesel Fuels from Biomass in New Zealand, http //eeca.govt.nz/eeca-library/ renewable-energy/biofuels/report/feasibility-of-producing-diesel-fuels-from-biomass-in-nz-03.pdf, 2003. 

Judd, B. Biodiesel from tallow. Energy efficiency and conservation authority. 2002. Available at http // www.eeca.govt.nz/eeca-Hbrary/renewable-energy/biofuels/report/biodiesel-from-tallow-report-02.pdf (accessed 21/2/2008). 

Fig. 7. Biofuels and biomass electricity production. Courtesy of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Fig. 15.1 The world energy supply in the two Shell long-term energy scenarios Dynamics as Usual and Spirit of the Coming Age. The stacking order is such that carbon-neutral electricity-delivering sources (hydro, nuclear and renewables excluding biofuels) are at the bottom. When overlaid with the energy demand of the electricity sector (lower hashed area) one observes that carbon-free electricity supply falls far short of electricity...

Biofuels - [FUELS FROMBIOMASS] (Vol 12) - [RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES] (Vol 21)... 

Index Entries Biofuels renewable energy raisins ethanol feedstocks. 

Although ASPEN-Plus is widely used to simulate petrochemical processes, its uses for modeling biomass processes are limited owing to the limited availability of physical properties that best describe biomass components such as cellulose, xylan, and lignin. For example, Lynd et al. (1) used conventional methods to calculate the economic viability of a biom-ass-to-ethanol process. However, with the development by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of an ASPEN-Plus physical property database for biofuels components, modified versions of ASPEN-Plus software can now be used to model biomass processes (2). Wooley et al. (3) used ASPEN-Plus simulation software to calculate equipment and energy costs for an entire biomass-to-ethanol process that made use of dilute-H2S04 acid pretreatment. 

Softwoods are the predominant species of tree in Canada. In British Columbia, an estimated 2.2 million t of surplus wood residues are generated each year (5), which until now have been of limited use as a commercial product. Bioconversion of these residues into biofuel ethanol and valuable chemicals provides an attractive opportunity for the sustainable development of both renewable energy and Canada s forest resources. 

In 2002, a prominent collection of scientists wrote, Biomass plantations can produce carbon-neutral fuels for power plants or transportation, but photosynthesis has too low a power density ( 6 W/m2) for biofuels to contribute significantly to climate stabilization. These researchers find the scale of our growing energy demand so daunting that they conclude that none of today s current options for renewable energy or energy efficiency are up to the... 

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