Rendering Subject

The basic aim of a decommissioning programme is to render all wells permanently safe and remove most, if not all, surface (or seabed) signs of production activity. How completely a site should be returned to its green field state, is a subject for discussion between government, operator and the public. 

Another application of laser-based profilometry is the inspection of rocket and missile components. The U.S. Air Force has funded work to develop a non-contact laser-based profilometer for the inside surface of solid rocket motors. Over time, these devices are subject to slumping and cracking, which could potentially render the rocket motor ineffective and hazardous. When fully implemented, this system will provide a meaningful screening method for evaluating the condition of aging rocket motors. 

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered, It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. 

Two main operational variables that differentiate the flotation of finely dispersed coUoids and precipitates in water treatment from the flotation of minerals is the need for quiescent pulp conditions (low turbulence) and the need for very fine bubble sizes in the former. This is accompHshed by the use of electroflotation and dissolved air flotation instead of mechanically generated bubbles which is common in mineral flotation practice. Electroflotation is a technique where fine gas bubbles (hydrogen and oxygen) are generated in the pulp by the appHcation of electricity to electrodes. These very fine bubbles are more suited to the flotation of very fine particles encountered in water treatment. Its industrial usage is not widespread. Dissolved air flotation is similar to vacuum flotation. Air-saturated slurries are subjected to vacuum for the generation of bubbles. The process finds limited appHcation in water treatment and in paper pulp effluent purification. The need to mn it batchwise renders it less versatile. 

A Acetylation, O-Phosphorylation, and O-Adenylylation. A/-Acetylation, O-phosphorjiation, and O-adenyljiation provide mechanisms by which therapeutically valuable aminocyclitol antibiotics, eg, kanamycia [8063-07-8] gentamicin [1403-66-3] sisomicin [32385-11-8], streptomycia [57-92-1], neomycin, or spectinomycin are rendered either partially or completely iaactive. Thus, eg, kanamycia B [4696-78-8] (50) can be iaactivated by modification at several sites, as shown. The elucidation of these mechanisms has allowed chemical modification of the sites at which the iaactivation occurs. Several such bioactive analogues, eg, dibekacia and amikacin have been prepared and are not subject to the iaactivation hence, they inhibit those organisms against which the parent antibiotics are iaeffective (96) (see Antibacterial agents, synthetic). 

Several new features are inaugurated in the present volume. To the cumulative subject index to the six volumes which have already appeared, a similar author index is now added. In order to bring literature references to methods of preparative value up to date, there has been included an appendix which contains later references to directions published previously in this series. The appendix also contains corrections to some of the earlier preparations. The editors acknowledge their appreciation of the assistance rendered by those who submitted corrections and suggestions, and welcome heartily any comments calculated to improve the series. 

The first few turns of the line end coil of a motor or transformer and short lengths of interconnecting cables and overhead lines and their associated terminal equipment, will thus be subject to severe stresses and will be rendered vulnerable to damage by such sleep-fronted transient voltages. 

Curiosity-driven research, a term 1 prefer to fundamental or basic , involves following the trail wherever it may lead and, in Isaac Newton s words (when he was asked how he made his discoveries) by always thinking unto them. 1 keep the subject constantly before me and wait until the first dawnings open little by little into full light . The central motive, curiosity, has been rendered cynically into verse by no less a master than A.E. Housman ... 

Although the majority of the hydrogen produced on the cathodic areas is evolved as gas and assists the removal of scale, some of it diffuses into the steel in the atomic form and can render it brittle. With hardened or high-carbon steels the brittleness may be so pronounced that cracks appear during pickling. Austenitic steels, however, are not so subject to embrittlement. 

Nowadays, a strategic area of research is the development of polymers based on carbohydrates due to the worldwide focus on sustainable materials. Since the necessary multi-step synthesis of carbohydrate-based polymers is not economical for the production of commodity plastics, functionalization of synthetic polymers by carbohydrates has become a current subject of research. This aims to prepare new bioactive and biocompatible polymers capable of exerting a temporary therapeutic function. The large variety of methods of anchoring carbohydrates onto polymers as well as the current and potential applications of the functionalized polymers has been discussed recently in a critical review [171]. Of importance is that such modification renders not only functionality but also biodegradability to the synthetic polymers. 

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