Renal physiology pathophysiology

Lindeman RD. Overview Renal physiology and pathophysiology of aging. Am J Kidney Dis 1990 26 275-82. 

Fig. 5.3) (274). The multiple activities of these substances were the topic of intense research in the 1960s and 1970s, where roles in reproductive, cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal physiology, and pathophysiology (pain, inflammation, cancer) -were identified. The discovery of thromboxane (275) and prostacyclin (276) came later and expanded the role of the eicosanoids as powerful substances in human physiology. 

RENAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVES... 

Kwon T-H, Hager H, Nejsum L N, Andersen M-L E, Frokiaer J, Nielsen S. 2001. Physiology and pathophysiology of renal aquaporins. Seminars in Nephrology 21 231-238. 

Tyson CA, Dabbs IE, Cohen PM, Green CE, Melnick R (1990) Studies of nephrotoxic agents in an improved renal proximal tubule system. Toxicol in Vitro 4-5 403 108 Ullrich KJ, Greger R (1985) Approaches to the study of tubule transport functions. In Seldin DW, Giebisch G (eds) Physiology and Pathophysiology. Raven Press, New York, pp 427 169... 

Lieberthal W, Levinsky NG. Acute renal failure. In The kidney physiology and pathophysiology. Seldin W, Giebish G (editors). Raven Press, New York 1992 p 3181-3225. 

Costanzo LS, Windhager EE. Renal regulation of calcium balance. In Seldin DN, Griebisch G, eds. The kidney physiology and pathophysiology. 2nd ed. New York Raven Press, 1992 2375-95. 

Nielsen S, Kwon TH, Christensen BM, Promeneur D, Frokiaer J, Marples D. Physiology and pathophysiology of the renal aquaporins. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999 10 647-63. 

Three main models have been used. The intact isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK), is the most widely used model and first developed for the study autoregulation by Weiss et al in [84]. However, this prototype was little used initially because autoregulation and function declined after only 15-30 minutes. However, when simpler surgery and improved perfusion solutions were introduced by Ross, the model became useful for studies of renal biochemistry [85, 86]. With further improvements, including the addition of amino acids [87, 88] and sometimes erythrocytes [89-91] the model became useful for studies of physiology and pathophysiology [92-95]. 

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