Renal failure, acute outcomes

Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, et al. Acute renal failure—definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 2004 8 R204-R212. 

Brivet EG, Kleinknecht DJ, Loirat P, Landais PJM, the French Study Group on Acute Renal Failure. Acute renal failure in intensive care units causes, outcome, and prognostic factors of hospital mortality a prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care Med 1996 24 192-198. 

Identify pharmacotherapeutic outcomes and endpoints of therapy in a patient with acute renal failure. 

Urine samples were taken from a urinary catheter from living-related and cadaveric renal transplant donors at the time of procurement surgery. TAC was found to be significantly lower in urine from poor cadaveric donors when compared with either good cadaveric or living donors. Therefore, TAC of urine may be a good marker of preoperative oxidant stress in the kidney and may have a predictive value with respect to the clinical outcome of transplantation (S17). Patients with acute renal failure showed higher urine TAC (K5). 

Acute tubular necrosis can occur in the course of a hepatobiliary disease. In an aetiopathogenetical context, hypoxia, hypotension, nephrotoxins and so far undefined biochemical substances are deemed responsible. The outcome is a disruption in the reabsorption of sodium and water the urine is less concentrated (isosthenuria). There is a greater excretion of sodium (> 30 mEq/1) and of beta-2 microglobulin in the urine. Acute, yet in principle reversible renal failure can develop. Therapy thus consists of bridging the phase of insufficiency temporarily by dialysis. 

Khan IH, Catto GRD, Edward N, Macleod AM. Acute renal failure factors influencing nephrology referral and outcome. Q J Med... 

Margrra S, Kraft AK, Siebert G, Luft FC, Neumayer HH. Long-term outcomes in acute renal failure patients treated with continuous replacement therapies. Am J Kidney Dis 2002 40 275-279. 

Schusterman N, Strom BL, Murray TG, Morrison G,West SL, Maislin G. Riskfactors and outcome of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Am J Med 1987 83 65-71. 

Radovic M,Tomovic M, Simic-Ogrizovic S, Stosovic M, LezaicV, Ostric V, Djukanovic L. An improvement in the outcome of acute renal failure. Renal Failure.2004 26 647-653... 

Cole L, Bellomo R, Silvester W, Reeves JFI. A prospective, multicenter study of the epidemiology, management, and outcome of severe acute renal failure in a "closed" ICU system. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 162 191-196... 

Corwin FlUTeplick RS, Schreiber MJ, Fang LS, Bonventre JV, and Coggins CFI. 1987. Prediction of outcome in acute renal failure. Am J Nephrol 7 8-12. 

SelCuk NY, Odabas AR, Cetinkaya R, Tonbul FIZ, and San A. 2000. Frequency and outcome of patients with acute renal failure have more causes than one in etiology. Ren Fail 22 459-464. 

Behrend T, and Miller SB. 1999. Acute renal failure in the cardiac care unit etiologies, outcomes, and prognostic factors. Kidney... 

LiangosO, Perianayagam MC, Vaidya VS, Han WK, Wald R,Tighiouart H, MacKinnon RW, Li L, Balakrishnan VS, Pereira BJ, Bonventre JV, Jaber BL. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-(D)-glucosaminidase activity and kidney injury molecule-1 level are associated with adverse outcomes in acute renal failure J Am Soc Nephrol 2007 18 904-912. 

MetnitzPG, Krenn CG, Steltzer H, LangT, Ploder J, LenzK,et al. Effect of acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy on outcome in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2002 30(9) 2051 -8. 

Chertow GM, Sayegh MH, Allgren RE, Lazarus JM. Is the administration of dopamine associated with adverse or favorable outcomes in acute renal failure Auriculin Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Am J Med 1996 101 49-53. 

Mehran R, Ashby DT. Radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure allocations and outcomes. Rev Cardiovas Med 2001 2(suppl) S9-S13. 

Roberts PR, Black KW, and Zaloga GP (1997) Enteral feeding improves outcome and protects against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 156(4 Pt 1) 1265-1269. 

The terminology associated with kidney diseases has been amended and is clarified here. Previously, renal failure was divided into either acute renal failure (ARF) or chronic renal failure (CRF). These terms indicate the rate at which damage occurs rather than the mechanism by which it occurs. Landmark guidelines developed in the USA by the National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI) attempt to evaluate, classify, and stratify CKD (see Table 45-6). The term renal has largely been replaced by Iddney when referring to chronic disease since it is better understood by patients and nonspecialists. However, acute renal failure (ARF) remains standard nomenclature along with ESRD. 

Besides hypotension, the most frequent adverse reaction to an ACE inhibitor is cough, which may occur in up to 30% of patients. Patients with ACE inhibitor cough and either clinical signs of heart failure or LVEE less than 40% may be prescribed an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB). Both candesartan and valsartan have improved outcomes in clinical trials in patients with heart failure. Other less common but more serious adverse effects of ACE inhibitors include acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, and angioedema. Although some data have suggested that aspirin use may decrease the benefits from ACE inhibitor treatment, a systematic review of more than 20,000 patients demonstrated that ACE inhibitors improve outcome irrespective of treatment with aspirin. ... 

TABLE 42—1. Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Relative to Where It Occurs... 

Mehta RL. Outcomes research in acute renal failure. Semin Nephrol 2003 23 283-294. 

Sural S, Sharma RK, Singhal M, et al. Etiology, prognosis, and outcome of post-operative acute renal failure. Ren Fail 2000 22 87-97. 

Fiaccadori E, Lombardi M, Leonard S, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome associated with preexisting malnutrition in acute renal failure a prospective cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999 10 581-591. 

Clermont G, Acker CG, Angus DC, et al. Renal failure in the ICU comparison of the impact of acute renal failure and end-stage renal disease on ICU outcomes. Kidney Int 2002 62 986-996. 

Schiffl H, Lang SM, Fischer R. Daily hemodialysis and the outcome of acute renal failure. N Engl J Med 2002 346 305-310. 

Subramanian S, Venkataraman R, Kellum JA Influence of dialysis membranes on outcomes in acute renal failure a meta-analysis. Kidney Int 2002 62 1819-1823. 

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