Removal of Degradation

Complete removal of degraded or damaged portions of the wool (not merely the cuticle) using (i) protease treatment (ii) formic acid rinse and application of a softener. 

Permonosulphuric acid treatment confers only a modest shrink-resist effect which usually needs to be improved by a subsequent additive treatment. It has been suggested [300] that the most likely mechanism for inhibiting felting by permonosulphuric acid treatment is the removal of degraded protein from below the exocuticle, producing a modified surface with a reduced differential friction. The direct formation from cystine residues of low concentrations of Bunte salts has been confirmed, as indicated in Scheme 10.42. 

Removal of degradation products from spent solvents. Several methods of regeneration have been used to maintain the PUREX process solvent quality (143) chemical scrubbing treatment, specific management of solvent streams, and regeneration of solvent by distillation. 

Removal of Degradation Products from Spent Solvents... 

The H202 is extracted with water and the 20 to 40% solution so obtained purified by solvent extraction. The anthraquinone solution has to be purified by removal of degradation products before reduction back to the quinol on a supported platinum or nickel catalyst ... 

Moisture is also required for microbial activity as the primary component in bacteria protoplasm is water. If the bacteria do not receive enough water, they will die. However, oversaturation conditions can be detrimental. Too much water can inhibit gas exchanges, thereby depleting the airborne oxygen and rendering an anaerobic zone. Moisture levels are typically maintained by using water as the delivery medium for nutrient amendments and removal of degradation by-products. 

Chu found there was a greater loss in the mechanical properties of PGA sutures in buffered than nnbnffered solutions. Similarly, the presence of buffer ions increases the degradation rate of poly(a-hydroxy acid) copolymers as a result of the enhanced removal of degradation products through neutralisation... 

The DStmahp was determined by means of elemental analysis. The purification of the products is very difficult due to the fact that electrostatic interactions between the quaternary ammonium moieties and carboxyl groups may prevent the complete removal of degradation products and nitrogen containing impurities. Therefore, the nitrogen content may not be appropriate for the determination of the DS. 

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