Removal from cotton

Bract and leaf trash materials are difficult to remove from cotton during ginning and comprise between % and 1% of the weight of a typical bale of strict low middling cotton ( ). Thus bract and leaf trash components are present in sufficiently large amounts in raw cotton to function as botanical carriers of the suspect byssinotic agent(s). 

Perkins, H.M., Rigakis, K.B., and Crown, E.M., The efficacy of bleach pre-treatments in chlorpyrifos residue removal from cotton workwear fabric, in Performance of Protective Clothing Fourth Volume, ASTMSTP 133, McBriarty, J.P. and Henry, N.W., Eds., 1992, pp. 799-810. 

Good solvent action for wax and oil removal from cotton and polyester/cotton blends. 

CNC Product ST is an anionic surface active agent which possesses excellent wetting and scouring properties. CNC Product ST is recommended as a print wash in cases where high concentrations of residual color and print paste are to be removed from cotton, rayon or synthetic fibers. 

Non-scourable oils are difficult to remove from cotton giving rise to unlevel dyeings [13]. The oil, grease and tar stains are generally removed by spotting on... 

The best nonionics (made from the C12-15 alcohol mixture) were better than any of the anionics for both sebum and clay removal from Dacron-cotton permapress, but were not as good as the best anionics (sulfated POE Ci2 i5 alcohols) for sebum or clay removal from cotton. 

Barisol . [Dexter] Potassium alcohol phosphate textile wetdng agent, dye leveling agent, dispersant pectin removal from cottons. 

Soots or lampblack or carbon black are generally hydrophobic and accompanied by fatty substances adsorbed onto their surface. Their fineness and their affinity for hydrophobic synthetic surfaces make them difficult to remove from cotton as well as from synthetics. Because of the organophilic nature of their surfaces, very little electrostatic action is possible. Strongly ionic media tend to flocculate them rather than disperse them, which distinguishes them greatly from the more usual particle soils. 

Using the responses for bloodstain removal from cotton, ranging from 8.5% to 73.6%, it is possible to discriminate finely among the builders. Looking at the classification of products tested according to soil type, it appears that the different phosphates carry off most of the top prizes, although polyhydrated metasilicate comes in first for bloodstains. 

As the amount of EO is increased on cocoamide MEA, from 5 moles through 20 moles detergency improves on cotton with dust/sebum soil. It increases as the moles of EO are increased from 5 to 10 to 15 moles. Further increase from 15 to 20 moles of EO decreases the detergency (% Soil Removed). Cotton is a hydrophilic substrate and thus more soil is removed from cotton substrate as the surfactant become increasingly hydrophilic until a limit is reached. At 20 moles EO the surfactant becomes too soluble and its surface properties get negatively affected. 

As a general rule flasks and similar vessels should be heated in an air bath (compare Fig. II, 5, 3). A glycerol bath may be employed for temperatures up to 140° the glycerol is subsequently removed from the outside of the vessel by washing with water. Medicinal liquid paraffin may be used for temperatures up to about 220° hard hydrogenated cotton seed oil, Silicone fluids or fusible metal may be employed when higher temperatures are required. Small test-tubes and centrifuge tubes... 

Once the plant is ready, the cotton is mechanically harvested with either a spindle picker or cotton stripper. The spindle picker selectively harvests seed cotton from open boUs. The unopened boUs are left on the plant and can be picked at a later date. The spindle picker uses a rotating tapered barbed spindle to remove the cotton from the bur (seed case). The seed cotton is wrapped around the spindle, pulled from the bur, removed from the spindle with a mbber doffer, and then transferred to a basket. 

Fig. 2. Effect of wash temperature on removal of sebum, O lanolin, and lard from cotton (0.25% built detergent) (48). D, Represents sebum removal...

Proteia and starch stains are removed by proteases and amylases, respectively. Fats and oils are generally difficult to remove at low wash temperatures by conventional detergents. By usiag Upases, it is possible to improve the removal of fats/oils of animal and vegetable origin even at temperatures where the fatty material is ia a soUd form. Particulate soils can be difficult to remove, especially if the particle sise is small. Removal of particulate soil from cotton fabric can be improved by use of a ceUulase which removes cellulose fibrils from the surface of the yam. 

No test specimens bum longer than 10 seconds after each removal from the flame. No specimens exhibit flaming drip that ignites dry surgical cotton placed 12" below the test specimen. Nor does afterglow persist for longer than 30 seconds. 

DuPont in the U.S. developed about 1909, a smokeless powder from cotton of relatively low nitrogen that was quite soluble in ether alcohol. A small amount of diphenylamine was used as a stabilizer. After forming the grains and removing the liquid, a coating of graphite was added to make the smokeless powder that was used in the U.S. Other double-base types contain about 25% nitroglycerin. Cotton lint for nitration has been replaced by purified wood cellulose. 

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