Relative volumetric flow rate

This parameter is frequently used in ion-exchange and adsorption operations in fixed-beds and it is frequently called relative volumetric flow rate ... 

For the evaluation of the particle Peclet number and the liquid holdup, the correlations proposed by Inglezakis et al. are used, i.e. eqs. (3.313) and (3.332), respectively. The Biot number, liquid holdup, and bed Peclet number for downflow operation versus relative volumetric flow rate are presented in Figure 4.35. 

Figure 4.35 Biot number, liquid holdup, and bed Peclet number for downflow operation versus relative volumetric flow rate.

Figure 10.1 First cycle of acid Redox process, relative volumetric flow rates.

Fig. 8-20 Pressure variation and relative volumetric flow rate versus time [18].

Microfluidic generation of polymer particles starts from the emulsiflcation of liquid monomers, oligomers, or polymers. This step is followed by polymerization, cross-linking, or physical gelation of the molecules compartmentalized in droplets. Dimensions of polymer microbeads are predetermined by the dimensions of precursor droplets, which are in turn controlled by the geometry and dimensions of microchannels in MF droplet generator, the mechanism of droplet formation, the macroscopic properties of the droplet and continuous phases, and the relative volumetric flow rates of the continuous and droplet phases. 

One manner in which size may be computed, for estimating purposes, is by employing a volumetric heat-transfer concept as used for rotary diyers. It it is assumed that contacting efficiency is in the same order as that provided by efficient lifters in a rotaiy dryer and that the velocity difference between gas and solids controls, Eq. (12-52) may be employed to estimate a volumetric heat-transfer coefficient. By assuming a duct diameter of 0.3 m (D) and a gas velocity of 23 m/s, if the solids velocity is taken as 80 percent of this speed, the velocity difference between the two would be 4.6 m/s. If the exit gas has a density of 1 kg/m, the relative mass flow rate of the gas G becomes 4.8 kg/(s m the volumetric heat-transfer coefficient is 2235 J/(m s K). This is not far different from many coefficients found in commercial installations however, it is usually not possible to predict accurately the acdual difference in velocity between gas and soRds. Furthermore, the coefficient is influenced by the sohds-to-gas loading and particle size, which control the total solids surface exposed to the gas. Therefore, the figure given is only an approximation. 

The following analysis enables one to calculate the diameter of a pipeline transporting any compressible fluid. The required inputs are volumetric flow rate, the specific gravity of the gas relative to air, flow conditions, compressibility factor Z where Z is defined by nZRT = PV, the pressure at the point of origin and the destination, the pipe length, and pipe constants such as effective roughness. The working equations have been obtained from the literature. Since the friction factor... 

The analytical solution shows that the approach to steady state is very rapid when V0 is small and that the concentration in the tank is always constant, when starting with a relatively empty tank, ft also indicates that the rate of change of volume in the tank is equal to the net volumetric flow rate, but only for a linear density concentration relationship. Check the above analytical conclusions numerically and test the case of a non-linear density-concentration relationship by simulation. 

The mean profiles of velocity, temperature and solute concentration are relatively flat over most of a turbulent flow field. As an example, in Figure 1.24 the velocity profile for turbulent flow in a pipe is compared with the profile for laminar flow with the same volumetric flow rate. As the turbulent fluxes are very high but the velocity, temperature and concentration gradients are relatively small, it follows that the effective diffusivities (iH-e), (a+eH) and (2+ed) must be extremely large. In the main part of the turbulent flow, ie away from the walls, the eddy diffusivities are much larger than the corresponding molecular diffusivities ... 

Equation (10-12) shows that the fluid density directly affects the relationship between mass flow rate and both velocity and volumetric flow rate. Liquid temperature affects hquid density and hence volumetric flow rate at a constant mass flow rate. Liquid density is relatively insensitive to pressure. Both temperature and pressure affect gas density and thus volumetric flow rate. 

For values of 0.4 < Ri/R0 < 1.0, which represent relatively narrow annuli, the function F becomes independent of the degree of shear thinning of the melt. At the limit / —> 1.0, Table 12.2 can be used to relate the volumetric flow rate to the axial pressure drop, since the geometrical situation corresponds to the flow between parallel plates. 

Case II ueo.packedApacked - Ueo.openAopen Such equality may occur in practice when the conductivites and relative lengths of the packed and the open segments are such that the velocities in the two segments as given by Eqs. 1.38 and 1.39 fulfill the conservation of volumetric flow rate as given by Eq. 1.37. 

The carbon/molecular sieve bed was temperature-controlled at 293 K. The volumetric flow rate was Q = 5.19 dm3 min-1 (1.0 dm3 min 1 cm2), resulting in the linear flow rate vL = 1000 cm min-1. The gas flow was controlled by several flow meters. The outlet concentrations were analyzed in cycles of 3 min with a CP 9001 CHROMPACK gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector. The breakthrough time was determined at the outlet by a TBB concentration (behind the carbon bed) cx = 10 5 mg dm-3 (cx/c0 = 10 5). To study the water influence on TBB breakthrough, water vapour was added to reach 50% relative humidity (RH) of the air flow. The measurements were performed with dry carbon/molecular sieve beds using dry or wet air. 

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