Relative turbidity

Relative Turbidity (t%) versus NaCl concentration 2 sols at different solids concentration. 

Relative turbidity (ODeoo) was used as a measure of the degree of solubilization of suspended alkaline protease AL 89 (see the description and progression curves in Figure 4.1). Residual hydrolytic activity of 20 xl samples diluted in buffer 1 50 was measured by an azo[Pg.63]

It is well known that only experimental investigation can validate or invalidate a model of a process. For the validation of the model developed above, we use the experimental data of the filtration of a dilute Fe(OH)j suspension (the concentration is lower than 0.1 g Fe(OH)3 /I) in a sand bed with various heights and particle diameters. The experiments report the measurements at constant filtrate flow rate and give the evolution with time of the concentration of Fe(OH)3 at the bed output when we use a constant solid concentration at the feed. Figure 4.36 shows the form of the time response when deep bed filtration occurs. The concentration of the solid at the exit of the bed is measured by the relative turbidity (exit turbidity/ input turbidity 100). The small skips around the mean dependence, which appear when the clogging bed becomes important, characterize the duality between the retention and dislocation of the bed-retained solid. This dislocation shows that the Mint model consideration with respect to the detachment coefficient is not acceptable, especially when the concentration of the bed-retained solid is high. 

Figure 3 (A) Cumulative release of pRL-CMV from 12wt.% SELP-47K hydrogels, in PBS with /x = 0.03M (0), 0.10M ( ), 0.17 M (A), 0.25 M (X), and 0.50 M (Q)- Hydrogels were cured for Ih at 37°C before placement in the appropriate buffer. Each point represents average zb standard deviation n = 3). (B) Effect of ionic strength on the formation of insoluble complexes between SELP-47K and pRL-CMV, in PBS with fi = 0.03M (0, solid line) and /i = 0.17 M ( , dashed line). Ratios on the x-axis indicate the molar ratio of negative (DNA) charges to positive (polymer) charges, assuming 100% ionization of each at pH 7.4. The y-axis represents relative turbidity (100-T)/(100-Tmin) Data points represent average ib standard deviation (ti = 3). (From Ref. 40.)...

Fig. 22.4 Influence of bottle colour and beer colour on relative turbidity [177],...

The specific T] can be measured by different techniques, such as turbidity analysis or calorimetric methods (Fig. 2). The first method is characterized by a turbidity profile showing a sharp step, with T, taken to be the temperature that shows a 50% change in the relative turbidity shape. In contrast, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements are always characterized by a broad peak covering 20 °C or more. In this case, T, can be considered as either the onset or the peak temperature. The T, values obtained by these methods usually differ because of the influence of several factors [26]. 

The concentration of salt necessary to just produce rapid coagulation was determined from plots of relative sol turbidity versus log (salt concentration) by extrapolating the steep part of these "S" shaped curves to a relative turbidity of 1.0, i.e. no coagulation has taken place. Examples of the obtained curves are presented in Figure 1, with the extrapolation line being shown. 

Suspended solids and colloids cause water to be turbid. Various turbidity scales have been established for the determination of the relative turbidity of a water sample. Active carlxMi filtration can often clarify water by adsorbing colored components and removing colloids. 

Sulfur oxides Measurement duct Once/day Relative turbidity method JIS K 0104... 

IV.13. AUTOMATED DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE TURBIDITY WITH A FLUOROMETER... 

Fig. 103. The pH dependence ol relative turbidity of IPEC(PMANa Q-P4VP) solution Pw(PMANa) = 4100, P (Q-P4VP) = 200, [Q-P4VP] = 2- lO M,

Fig. 10.4. The dependence of relative turbidity of PIC(PMANa Q-P4VP) solution on the concentration of the low molecular salt. (IPEC composition, concentration and characteristics of the components are equal to those in Fig. 10.3) pH = 7.5, 20 °C. (Clarification of the solution at [NaCl] > 0.4 M is caused by IPEC dissociation to the original polyelectrolyte components)...

Figure 9.5 Stability studies (a) Creaming, (b) relative turbidity, (c) ehange in droplet size, (d) leakage, and (e) viseosity. fME a Con-A-fME PEG-fME.

Time decrease of relative turbidity and volume degree of swelling, in PHEMA gels swollen in butanol Qq and q are the initial and equilibrium degrees of swelling, respectively Tq initial and maximum... 

---