Relapse prevention chronic

The main indications for atypical antipsychotics are the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenic disorders, with an emphasis on the treatment of refractory and chronic disorders. However, because of the lower risk of EPS and in particular of tardive dyskinesia, there is a tendency toward a wider range of indications for some of the atypical neuroleptics. Favorable effects in drug-induced psychoses have been demonstrated for olanzapine. Clozapine seems effective in the treatment and relapse prevention of manic episodes and bipolar disorders, and risperidone has been shown to have good efficacy in conduct disorders and in the pervasive developmental disorders. 

Anti-psychotic drugs are used in the treatment of schizophrenia and there are many in use. The choice of drug depends on the severity of the condition and the diagnosis of positive or negative symptoms. Other factors to take into consideration are whether sedation is required and how susceptible the individual is to Parkinsonian (extra-pyramidal) side effects. Most drugs are more effective at relieving the positive symptoms and all provide better results in acute schizophrenia. Long-term treatment may be necessary to prevent relapse and chronic illness. Withdrawal of treatment must be cautious to prevent relapse. 

Every possible effort should be made to maintain the worker s job, although the risk of possible relapses or chronic or severe reactions should not be underestimated. When specific preventive measures must be adopted, we can distinguish ... 

The gastroesophageal junction is a complex sphincter composed of both a diaphragmatic element and the smooth muscle LES. This anatomically and physiologically complex organ is vulnerable to dysfunction by several mechanisms. Mechanically, the gastroesophageal junction must protect against reflux in both static and dynamic conditions. Failure to adequately prevent reflux is associated with both the initiation of GERD and relapse and chronicity of the disease. 

This team must be skilled in handling the complex origin of disability. Risk factors for the disease to become chronic are often of a psychosocial and not a physical nature. Primary targets of treatment should be physical fitness and the self-management of problems by the patient. Awareness of the psychosocial factors, which can disturb occupational reintegration, should be developed. Rehabilitation is based on measures to modify patient s beliefs and fitness. The prescribed treatment should aim to relieve pain, correct disability, prevent relapses, inform and educate the patient. 

In terms of molecular biology, the attachment of Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) to T-cells can at this moment not be prevented. So a cure for chronic progressive autoimmune inflammatory disease is not feasible yet. Sooner or later disease in remission relapses when APC attach to T-cells with induction of Co-stimulatory pathways. The current therapeutic principles are to stop or slow down disease progression. This is achieved by elimination or at least a reduction of the pool of existing autoantibodies and of cytokines in the upstream systemic and downstream local interleukin independent and dependent pathways. 

Unlabeled Uses Prevention of relapses of depression chronic fatigue syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder... 

Baldessarini and Davis (1980) attempted to clarify whether there is a significant relationship between the antipsychotic maintenance dosages administered and the risk of relapse in the case of chronic schizophrenics. Correlations calculated for 23 controlled studies showed no relationship between the administered doses of antipsychotics and the risk of relapse within a wide range. Based on this result, the authors ruled that the maintenance dosage for each individual patient should be kept as low as possible in order to prevent antipsychotics from causing undesirable delayed effects. 

Because the majority of psychotic patients have a chronic disorder, the issue of maintenance therapy becomes critical. Shortly after the introduction of antipsychotics, it became apparent that many patients quickly relapsed when their medications were withdrawn conversely, maintenance pharmacotherapy could prevent such relapses. 

For chronic anxiety disorders, the goal of treatment is complete remission of symptoms as well as prevention of future relapses... 

May continue to work for many years to prevent relapse of symptoms in depression and to reduce symptoms of chronic insomnia... 

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