Reinforcing fiber, surface treatment

Huo S, Fuqua M, Chevali V, Ulven C (2010b) Effects of natural fiber surface treatments matrix modification on mechanical properties of their composites. In Proceedings of Soc Automo Eng Int Congr Expt SAE Tech Paper 2010-01-0426, Detroit, MI, 13-15 Apr 2010, Wariendale, PA Huo S, Thapa A, Ulven C (2010c) Effect of surface treatments on interfacial properties of flax fiber reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol (In Press)... 

Vaiadez-Gonzalez A, Cervantes-Uc JM, Oiayo R, Herrera-Franco PJ (1999) Effect of fiber surface treatment on the fiber - matrix bond strength of natural fiber reinforced composites. Compos B 30 309-320... 

The matrices used in sisal fiber-reinforced composites include thermoplastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC, etc.), thermosets (epoxy, polyester, and phenol-formaldehyde resin, etc.), rubber (namral rubber, styrene-buta-diene mbber, etc.) gypsum, and cement. The effects of fiber length, fiber orientation, processing methods, fiber volume fi-action and fiber surface treatment on the mechanical and physical properties of sisal fiber reinforced composites have been smdied. 

Singh B, Gupta M, Verma A (1996) Influence of fiber surface treatment on the properties of sisal fiber reinforced polyester composites. Polym Compos 17 910-918 Schirp A, Wolcott M (2005) Influence of fungal decay and moisture absorption on mechanical properties of extruded wood-plastic composites. Wood Fiber Sci 37 643-652 Winfield AG (1979) Jute reinforced polyester project for UNIDO/Govt, of India Blast Rubber Int 4 23-28... 

Pineapple (Ananas comosus), which is native to Brazil, is a tropical plant with leaves rich in cellulose. Being relatively inexpensive and abundantly available, pineapple fiber may be considered for polymer composite reinforcement. Today, pineapple leaves are a by-product of pineapple cultivation [3]. Devi et al. [43] investigated the dynamic mechanical behavior of pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polyester composites. Threepopnatkul et al. [44] studied the effects of fiber surface treatments on the performance of pineapple leaf fiber-carbonate composite. 

A. May-Pat, A. Valadez-Gonzalez, and P.J. Herrera-Franco, Effect of fiber surface treatments on the essential work of fracture of HDPE-continuous henequen fiber-reinforced composites. Polym. Test. 32 (6), 1114-1122 (2013). 

Jia G, Ghen P, Li B, Wang Q, Lu C and Yu Q (2010) Effects of Twaron fiber surface treatment by air dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the interfacial adhesion in fiber reinforced composites. Surf Coat Technol 204 3668-3675. 

All natural fibers are hydrophihc and their moisture content ranges from 3 to 13%. This leads to a very poor interface between natural fiber and the hydrophobic matrix and very poor moisture resistance. Several fiber surface treatments are used to improve the interface viz-thermal treatment, chemical treatment, and use of coupling agents (Bledzki and Gassan, 1999). Fillers are added to composites for technical and chemical reasons (Milewski and Katz, 1980). Calcium carbonate has maximum usage as filler in plastics and FRP due to its low cost, non-toxicity and lack of odor. Present work gives effectiveness of jute fabric treatment and addition of filler on properties of jute reinforced polyester composites (JFRP). 

Pothan LA, George J, Thomas S. Effect of fiber surface treatments on the fiber-matrix interaction in banana fiber reinforced polyester composites. Compos Interfaces 2002 9 335-353. 

To be effective, the reinforcement must form a strong adhesive bond with the plastics for certain reinforcements special cleaning, sizing, finishing, etc. treatments are used to improve bond. Also used alone or in conjunction with fiber surface treatments are bonding additives in the plastic to promote good adhesion of the fiber to the plastic. 

In the case of glass fiber cloth reinforced by vinyl ester resins that were immersed in hot water (Morii et al. 1991), it was possible to associate the degradation process with fiber/matrix interfacial failures. This was achieved by considering distinct fiber surface treatments and observing the existence of good correlations between the knee-point stress levels in stress-strain plots and water weight gain data. 

To improve adhesion of binders to fibres, including carbon fibers, methods of surface treatment by cold plasma were developed. In the course of such treatment, the removal of a weak border layer of the fiber proceeds and the contact between the surface and a binder is improved. At the same time, the number of active centers capable of chemical interaction with a binder increases and the wetting becomes better. It may be expected that pol5mierization under plasma action may also serve as a tool adhesion improvement at the phase border. In spite of the existence of many ways of surface treatment of the reinforcement surface, no model of interaction was proposed which is effective in predicting the t5T)e of reinforcement by surface treatment of a given filler-matrix combination. According to Drzal, the major reason for this lack of theoretical developments is in the over-simplification of the composition and nature of the filler-matrix interface. 

Liu W, Mohanty AK, Askeland P, Drzal LT, Misra M. Influence of fiber surface treatment on properties of Indian grass fiber reinforced soy protein based biocomposites. Polymer 2004 45 7589-96. 

An inspection of the fracture surfaces of composites composed of reinforcing fibers and polymer matrices provides qualitatively useful information on the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix and also gives rise to an indication of the effect of fiber surface treatment on the mechanical and thermal properties of resulting composites [137-139]. 

Vilay, V., Mariatti, M., Taib, R.M., and Todo, M. (2008) Effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber loading on the properties of bagasse fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Compos. Sci. Technol., 68, 631-638. 

Unidirectional composite of Monsanto s polyimide composite matrix designated Skybond 710 and Hercules high tensile strength carbon fiber reinforcement, composite surface treatment was mild abrasion. 

Table 7. Tensile and flexural mechanical properties of hybrid fiber mat-reinforced (CeF/GF) hybrid composites as a function of the fiber surface treatment T - tensile, F - flexural.

Liu, W., Mohanty, A.K., Askeland, P., Drzal, L.T., Misra, M., Influence of Fiber Surface Treatment on Properties of Indian Grass Fiber Reinforced Soy Based Biocomposites, Polymer 45, 7589-7596... 

Reinforcing fibers can be modified by physical and chemical methods. Physical methods, such as stretching [22], calandering [23,24], thermotreatment [25], and the production of hybrid yarns [26,27] do not change the chemical composition of the fibers. Physical treatments change structural and surface properties of the fiber and thereby influence the mechanical bondings in the matrix. 

Glass fibers and most other reinforcements require special surface treatment to ensure the bonding and compatibility of the fibers to the plastic in order to maximize performances. Treatments are also used to protect individual filaments during handling and processing (7,14). 

Figure 5.107 Variation in toughness and shear strength for various surface treatments of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced composites. Reprinted, by permission, from T. L. Vigo and B. J. Kinzig, ed.. Composite Applications, p. 224. Copyright 1992 by VCH Publishing, Inc.

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