Regulation future

Keywords Air quality regulation, Future developments, Technology trends, Urban air quality monitoring... 

In any and all cases, desulfurization of diesel fuel is a necessary condition for attaining very low particulate levels such as will be dictated by future regulations (Girard et al., 1993). 

Another factor is the potential economic benefit that may be realized due to possible future environmental regulations from utilizing both waste and virgin biomass as energy resources. Carbon taxes imposed on the use of fossil fuels in the United States to help reduce undesirable automobile and power plant emissions to the atmosphere would provide additional economic incentives to stimulate development of new biomass energy systems. Certain tax credits and subsidies are already available for commercial use of specific types of biomass energy systems (93). 

Until other gibbereUins (- 80) can be either fermented or synthesized in bulk, their future is uncertain for use as industrial plant growth regulators except in very special circumstances. 

Cadmium-based pigments have been hit particularly hard by environmental regulations. As the result, consumption in 1993 was estimated to be between 1.5—5 thousand metric tons. The future of this pigment category is particularly questionable in North America. 

Nuclear Reactors. Nuclear power faciUties account for about 20% of the power generated in the United States. Although no new plants are plaimed in the United States, many other countries, particularly those that would otherwise rely heavily on imported fuel, continue to increase their nuclear plant generation capacity. Many industry observers predict that nuclear power may become more attractive in future years as the price of fossil fuels continues to rise and environmental regulations become more stringent. In addition, advanced passive-safety reactor designs may help allay concerns over potential safety issues. 

The reduction ia tetraethyl lead for gasoline production is expected to iacrease the demand for petroleum alkylate both ia the U.S. and abroad. Alkylate producers have a choice of either a hydrofluoric acid or sulfuric acid process. Both processes are widely used. However, concerns over the safety or potential regulation of hydrofluoric acid seem likely to convince more refiners to use the sulfuric acid process for future alkylate capacity. 

Eurther, more attention is being given to the oil content of cleaner wastes. This attention is expected to increase substantially in the near future as tighter environmental regulations come into play. 

Covernment and regulatoi y decisions. Sometimes these decisions are based on some type of quantitative risk analysis, and they provide some guidance on society s expectations with regard to risk management. In some cases these decisions will also include some kind of cost-benefit analysis. The current political climate in the United States may encourage more extensive use of risk analysis in the establishment of future regulations. 

Many loeations worldwide now have very striet requirements in regard to atmospherie pollution due to gaseous and partieulate exhausts. Regulations will beeome even more stringent in the future. Emphasis on pollution eontrol will make the improved separator a desirable (and in some eases, neeessary) expenditure even without the expander. Thus, a portion of the investment eost of ereating a suitable environment for the expander ean be assigned or alloeated to pollution eontrol. 

Tier 2 Future liability costs, such as remedial actions, personal injury under the OSH A regulations, property damage, etc. 

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