Regulation Europe

Majone Giandomenico (1996) Regulating Europe. London Rutledge. 

Regulatory DOT not regulated Europe EINECS Canada DSL Australia AlCS Properties Lt. to straw-colored liq., char, mild odor sol. in IPM, safflower oil, min. oil, oleyl alcohol, octyl palmitate partly sol. in 95% ethanol, propylene glycol, 70% sorbitol insol. in water m.w. 846.87 sp.gr. 0.860-0.880 m.p. -13.36 HLB 6 add no. 10 max. sapon. no. 115-135 flash pt. 505.4 F ref. index 1.447-1.467 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 20 g g nonirritating to eyes and skin nonmutagenic (Ames assay) TSCA listed... 

Regulatory DOT not regulated Europe EINECS Canada DSL Australia AlCS Japan ENCS Gemiany WGK... 

Since SO2 and NO2 are criteria pollutants, their emissions are regulated. In addition, for the purposes of abating acid deposition in the United States, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require that nationwide SO2 and NO emissions be reduced by approximately 10 million and 2 million t/yr, respectively, by the year 2000. Reasons for these reductions are based on concerns which include acidification of lakes and streams, acidification of poorly buffered soils, and acid damage to materials. An additional major concern is that acid deposition is contributing to the die-back of forests at high elevations in the eastern United States and in Europe. 

Procedures for the collection of whole blood are similar throughout the world. An interval from at least 8 weeks (United States) to 12 weeks (United Kingdom) is required between a donation of 450 mL blood, which yields about 250 mL plasma. In some countries a smaller volume of blood is collected, eg, 350—400 mL in Italy, Greece, and Turkey and as Httie as 250 mL in some Asian countries (147). Regulations concerning plasmapheresis donations vary more widely across the world eg, up to 300 mL of plasma can be taken in Europe in contrast to 1000 mL in the United States, both on a weekly basis. Consequentiy, both the mode of donation and the country in which it is given can have a profound effect on plasma collection (Table 6). 

Gasoline composition may also be regulated in Europe. A tripartite initiative is being carried out among the European Commission, the oil industry, and the automotive industry. Based on an analysis of the required improvements in air quaUty, new regulations are to be written that control vehicle emissions and fuel composition into the twenty-first century. 

Economic Aspects. The 1992 MEK nameplate capacity for the United States, East Asia, and Western Europe is Hsted in Table 5. During the period 1980—1989 MEK achieved a negative growth rate as demand dropped from 311,000 (48) to 228, 000 t/yr (49). Stricter VOC regulations were largely responsible for the decline, and the trend will continue as solvent recovery and recycling, as well as substitution away from MEK, take effect. 

The nature of potential exposure ha2ards of low level microwave energy continues to be investigated (116—118). In the United States, leakage emission from microwave ovens is regulated to the stringent limit of 5 mW/cm at 5 cm (119). There is no federal limit on emission from industrial systems but the IMPI has set a voluntary standard which specifies 10 mW/cm at 5 cm (120). Emission values are equivalent to personnel exposures at several meters, well below limits that had previously prevailed in eastern Europe. This conclusion, derived for microwave ovens, should be vaUd for all microwave systems (121). 

Vanillin is Hsted in the Code of Federal Regulations by the FDA as a Generally Recogni2ed As Safe (GRAS) substance. The Council of Europe and the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Eood Additives have both given vanillin an unconditional Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 10 mg/kg. 

Laws and regulations on the use of chemicals in aquaculture vary by country and serve to ensure safe and effective use and protection of humans and the environment. Regulations and therapeutants or other chemicals that are approved or allowed for use in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan are presented below. 

This chapter discusses regulations, codes, and standards currently in use in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Europe for selecting, testing, and certification of flame arresters. 

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