Regular insulin injection

The first diabetic patient to receive insuUn was a 14-year-old boy, Leonard Thompson. His recovery from near-death was speedy and he was discharged from hospital within a few weeks — although dependent on regular insulin injections. 

Isophane insulin suspension and regular insulin injection (combination) ... 

Mechanism of Action. The drug is a very rapid-acting insnlin which may be injected conveniently just prior to a meal. It exhibits an onset of action within a short span of 15 minutes besides having a relatively much shorter peak ranging between 0.5 to 1.5 hour, and having duration of action varying between 6 to 8 hours in comparison to the regular insulin injection . 

Much has been learned about insulin because of its relationship with diabetes. In classical, type I diabetes (or insulin-dependent diabetes), the individual does not make insulin, or at least not enough of it. This is usually caused by destruction of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas from a type of autoimmune disease. The only remedy for type I diabetes is regular insulin injections, and insulin is produced for this purpose by recombinant DNA technology (Chapter 13). 

Approximately 3 in 1(X)0 people in the United States develop Type 1 diabetes and are dependent on regular insulin injections. 

METHODS OF ADMINISTERING INSULIN. Several methods can be used to administer insulin. The most common method is the use of a needle and syringe Use of microfine needles has reduced the discomfort associated with an injection. Another method is the jet injection system, which uses pressure to deliver a fine stream of insulin below the skin. Another method uses a disposable needle and special syringe The syringe uses a cartridge that is prefilled with a specific type of insulin (eg, regular human insulin, isophane [NPH] insulin, or a mixture of isophane and regular insulin). 

Regular insulin is unmodified crystalline insulin commonly referred to as natural insulin. It is a clear solution that has a relatively rapid onset and short duration of action. On subcutaneous injection, regular insulin forms small aggregates called hexamers that undergo conversion to dimers followed by monomers before systemic absorption can occur. Therefore, patients should be counseled to inject regular insulin subcutaneously 30 minutes prior to consuming a meal. Regular insulin is the only insulin that can be administered intravenously. 

NPH insulin can be mixed with regular insulin and used immediately or stored for future use up to 1 month at room temperature or 3 months in refrigeration. NPH insulin can be mixed with either aspart or lispro insulins, but it must be injected immediately after mixing. Whenever mixing insulin products with NPH insulin, the shorter-acting insulin should be drawn into the syringe first. 

Regular insulin has a relatively slow onset of action when given subcutaneously, requiring injection 30 minutes prior to meals to achieve optimal postprandial glucose control and to prevent delayed postmeal hypoglycemia. 

How many mL of Regular U-100 insulin injection should be used to obtain 60 units ... 

ISOPHANE INSULIN SUSPENSION (NPH) AND INSULIN INJECTION (REGULAR) ... 

Severe ketoacidosis/diabetic coma Insulin injection (regular insulin) may be given IV or IM for rapid effect in severe ketoacidosis or diabetic coma. 

NPH/regular combinations of insulin are stable and are absorbed as if injected separately. Mixtures of regular insulin with lente must be mixed and injected immediately. 

Regular insulin human injection (rDNA origin) [FDA for Humulin R]... 

Regular, human insulin injection (recombinant DNA origin) [FDA]... 

Humulin (R, L, N, U, 50/50, and 70/30). Human insulin manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company has the trademark Humulin and is available in six formulations—Regular (R), NPH (N), Lente (L), Ultralente (U), 50% human insulin isophane suspension (NPH)/50% human insulin injection (buffered regular) (50/50), and 70% human insulin isophane suspension (NPH)/30% human insulin injection (buffered regular) (70/30). 

Mixture of 70% NPH, human SC insulin isophane suspension and 30% regular, human insulin injection cloudy or milky suspension of human insulin with protamine and zinc... 

In 19 patients with type 1 diabetes using regular insulin and 21 using insulin lispro, who injected pramlintide 60 micrograms or placebo before a standardized breakfast in addition to their normal insulin treatment, there was a marked reduction in the postprandial blood glucose excursion mild hypoglycemia (25%) and mild nausea (18%) were the most frequent adverse events (5). 

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