Regime, small

For simplicity, it is assumed that the equilibrium value of the macrostate is zero, x = 0. This means that henceforth x measures the departure of the macrostate from its equilibrium value. In the linear regime, (small fluctuations), the first entropy may be expanded about its equilibrium value, and to quadratic order it is... 

Stokes Regime (Small Particles). At the time when a particle, originally of size Rq, has shrunk to size R, we may write... 

In the spin diffusion motional regime (small molecules at low temperatures or macromolecules at all temperatures) the cross-relaxation is so efficient that it can hardly be limited to a single-step magnetization transfer. The multistep magnetization transfer is known as spin diffusion. It manifests differently in NOESY and ROESY spectra, as can be illustrated by writing eq. (29b) explicitly for the process of cross relaxation ... 

Linear regime small tip-surface bias voltage as compared with the electronic structure of the surface. This is usually the case since vibrational quanta are one order of magnitude smaller than the energy spacing between electronic resonances. 

At this stage, a technique that would enable independent access to the channel and contact resistances is needed. Such a feature is offered by the transfer line method (TLM) [38-41, 89], a method adapted from a classical technique use to estimate contact resistance, and first developed for the amorphous silicon thin-film transistor [42]. The method consists of measuring the channel resistance for different channel lengths. The measured resistance is actually the sum of the channel and contact resistances. As long as the measurement is performed in the linear regime (small drain voltage) the channel resistance is proportional to L (see Eq. 1) and the width-normalized (Rx W) total resistance is given by ... 

Kultuks that occurred near the eastern coast had a specific salinity regime. Small depths, impeded water exchange with the open sea, high evaporation in summer and intensive ice formation in winter were facilitating the development of high water salinity. In 1951-1953 the water salinity in some kultuks reached 80-150 ppt. 

Frothing In clean vacuum services operating in the froth regime, small holes (Vs in diameter) have been specifically recommended for both entrainment and efficiency reasons (175, 257, 317). 

The memory function is of interest because we expect it to be a less varied function of its arguments than the correlation function. The Fourier transform of the correlation function is resonant (has a pole structure) in the hydro-dynamical regime (small k and a>). The memory function, however, has a simple behavior in this regime and gives the placement and width of the hydrodynamical poles. Since z —Lq(1) is just the operator that describes the streaming of a single free particle, it is clear that the memory function describes the effects of the other N— 1 particles on this free-streaming particle. One may say that the memory function serves to renormalize the free-particle motion in the system. Since the memory function has to describe the effects of many-particle dynamics, it is not a simple quantity to calculate. 

Experimentally, the usual (no-slip) boundary conditions at the wall are often found to hold Certain observations on transparent extruders or in plane-plane iheometry do suggest a significant slip, but it is not clear whether this holds even in the linear regime (small shear stresses at the wall) which was considered in ref. 

Van der Laan [82] reported attempts to model FT in a bubble column reactor. His model exhibited well-mixed liquid and two gas bubble regimes small bubbles that were well mixed and large bubbles that showed plug flow behavior (Figure 12.21). Van der Laan [82] also provided a summary of bubble column reactor models that others have utilized (Tables 12.1 and 12.2). He concluded that the FT slurry bubble column reactor is reaction controlled due to the low activity of the iron catalyst and the... 

If we look at an S-N curve (figure 10.18), we can see that the number of cycles to failure strongly depends on the stress in the LCF regime. Small scatter in the stress-strain properties of different specimens (due to scatter in the material properties, for example) would cause large changes in the number of cycles to failure measured in the experiment. The scatter band would thus be rather wide. In this regime, strain-controlled experiments are more useful since, with a prescribed strain amplitude, the scatter of the stress amplitude is small. Furthermore, stress-controlled experiments would also cause more rapid failure due to the reduction in the cross section of the specimen caused by crack propagation ]113]. 

U Turbulent regime Small gas voids and particle clusters and streamers dart to and fro bed surface is diffused and difficult to distinguish... 

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