Regenerated waters reuse

Reuse of Regenerated Waters Under Water Scarcity... 

Keywords Disinfection, Industry, Membrane technology, Regenerated water, Water reuse... 

Industrial Reuse of Regenerated Waters. A Case Study. 116... 

Activated sludge/NF/ The reuse objectives were reached with the RO obtained regenerated water... 

The viability of producing regenerated water for industrial reuse purposes by means of tertiary treatment of WWTP effluents is illustrated in this section, through examples in N Spain. The demonstration has been performed in Spain. The industrial activities in the selected region showed that the potential industrial demand of regenerated wastewater accounted for 5.2 Hm yr which could be obtained from WWTP facilities located 5 km away of the industrial consumers,... 

Table 4 summarizes the efficiency of membrane filtration as preliminary treatment in the hybrid process to obtain regenerated water for industrial reuse. Working with the adequate cleaning cycle to avoid fouling and to keep a constant flux (10 1 min ) important reduction in suspended solids (90%) and turbidity (60%) of the wastewaters is achieved but there is no significant reduction of other chemical or physical parameters, e.g., conductivity, alkalinity or TDS, or inactivation of E. coli. 

The capability of advanced technologies in the production of regenerated water for industrial reuse has been illustrated in this chapter. The reuse of regenerated water in industrial activities has been demonstrated as an effective tool for sustainable industrial development under water scarcity conditions as it can provide a big deal of the large amounts of water needed in those activities and moreover it can customize the regenerated water characteristics to the water standards required in different industrial activities by means of adequate combination of available advanced technologies. 

Operations 2 and 3 are fed by freshwater or regenerated water. The mass loads below the reuse pinch are ... 

After a pumping process, the pump must be warmed only to room temperature for the adsorbed gases to be given off and the zeolite is regenerated for reuse. If air (or damp gas) containing a great deal of water vapor has been pumped, it is recommended to bake out the pump completely dry for a few hours at 200 °C or above. 

Indigo is isolated from the indigo suspension by cake filtration, washed with water, and further processed into the various commercial forms of indigo or vat indigo. The mother liquor from the filtration step can be regenerated and reused in the manufacturing process as an anhydrous alkaline melt. 

However, it can be assumed for most electrochemical applications of ionic liquids, especially for electroplating, that suitable regeneration procedures can be found. This is first, because transfer of several regeneration options that have been established for aqueous solutions should be possible, allowing regeneration and reuse of ionic liquid based electrolytes. Secondly, for purification of fiesh ionic liquids on the laboratory scale a number of methods, such as distillation, recrystallization, extraction, membrane filtration, batch adsorption and semi-continuous adsorption in a chromatography column, have already been tested. The recovery of ionic liquids from rinse or washing water, e.g. by nanofiltration, can also be an important issue. 

A complete process scheme for regeneration and reuse of spent final rinse water from an electroless plating operation has been developed by Wong et al. [105]. It includes (i) pre-treatment by microfiltration, UV irradiation, carbon adsorption (ii) heavy metal removal by nanofiltration and (iii) polishing using an ion exchange mixed bed. The results of a pilot study showed that high quality product water with an overall water recovery of 90% could be produced with an estimated payback period of less than 18 months. 

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