Regenerated waters industrial reuse

Keywords Disinfection, Industry, Membrane technology, Regenerated water, Water reuse... 

Industrial Reuse of Regenerated Waters. A Case Study. 116... 

The viability of producing regenerated water for industrial reuse purposes by means of tertiary treatment of WWTP effluents is illustrated in this section, through examples in N Spain. The demonstration has been performed in Spain. The industrial activities in the selected region showed that the potential industrial demand of regenerated wastewater accounted for 5.2 Hm yr which could be obtained from WWTP facilities located 5 km away of the industrial consumers,... 

Table 4 summarizes the efficiency of membrane filtration as preliminary treatment in the hybrid process to obtain regenerated water for industrial reuse. Working with the adequate cleaning cycle to avoid fouling and to keep a constant flux (10 1 min ) important reduction in suspended solids (90%) and turbidity (60%) of the wastewaters is achieved but there is no significant reduction of other chemical or physical parameters, e.g., conductivity, alkalinity or TDS, or inactivation of E. coli. 

The capability of advanced technologies in the production of regenerated water for industrial reuse has been illustrated in this chapter. The reuse of regenerated water in industrial activities has been demonstrated as an effective tool for sustainable industrial development under water scarcity conditions as it can provide a big deal of the large amounts of water needed in those activities and moreover it can customize the regenerated water characteristics to the water standards required in different industrial activities by means of adequate combination of available advanced technologies. 

Other sources of water for reuse may be from large industrial balance tanks and lakes, process save-all tanks, oxidation ponds, and receiving pits for boiler blowdown, or ion-exchange regeneration effluents. 

As expected for a WWTP effluent, turbidity and E. coli are higher than the specific standards for industrial wastewater reuse included in the new Spanish Regulation of Regenerated Wastewater (RD 1620/2007). Other parameters, such as conductivity or TDS may result in too much high level considering some specific industrial uses of water [11]. Therefore further treatment of the WWTP effluent is needed before reuse. 

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