Reformer off gas

Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Production from Steam-Methane Reformer Off Gas Production of Ammonia Synthesis Gas Hydrogen Recovery fiom Refinery Off Gases Methane-Carbon Dioxide Separation from Landfill Gas... 

Sircar, S. and Kratz, W.C. Simultaneous production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from steam reformer off-gas, PSA. Separation Science and Technology, 1988, 23, 2397. 

Carbon dioxide-methane separation Solvent vapor recovery Hydrogen and carbon dioxide recovery from steam-methane reformer off-gas Hydrogen recovery from refinery off-gas Carbon monoxide-hydrogen separation Alcohol dehydration Production of ammonia synthesis gas Normal-isoparaffin separation Ozone enrichment... 

Hydrogen and carbon dioxide recovery from steam-methane reformer ofF-gas, coke oven gas, ethylene ofF-gas, coal gasiheation, etc. PSA [16. 17]... 

Production of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide from Reformer Off-Gas... 

Another multicolumn PSA system called Gemini-9 process was developed by the Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., USA, for purification of H2 from the crude reformer off-gas [17]. This process was designed to simultaneously... 

Adsorption onto solid beds is another method of acid gas removal from reformer off-gas. Typically, adsorption beds are best suited for low to medium concentrations of H2S and can be made selective for its removal. This type of operation is classified into two types of processes which are nonregenerable and regenerable. The nonregenerable packed beds usually operate at temperatures above 350°C and are made out of ZnO which reacts irreversibly with H2S. These processes are capable of reducing the sulfur content to less than 0.1 ppm. 

The data of Table 10-2 indicate that purification of reformer off-gas offers a cheap process for obtaining hydrogen, assuming that hydrogen may be purchased from the refinery for 0.50 per 1,000 cu ft. Other estimates on the recovery of hydrogen from such off-gas indicate that 99.9 mole per cent hydrogen at 300 psig can be delivered at a cost of 0.08- 0.10 per... 

The reformer off-gas is directed to a hypochlorite caustic scrubber. A continuous emission monitor (CEM) is used to monitor scrubber off-gas. The composition of this gas is expected to be primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) with small amounts of water, nitrogen oxides (NOJ, sulfur oxides (SO, ), hydrogen (H2), and carbon monoxide (CO). 

Table 12.1 Comparison of gas composition of membrane reformer off-gas, natural gas combustion exhaust and SMR-PSA off-gas...

Hydrogen is commonly produced by steam reforming natural gas or naphtha in combination with processes for purifying the reformer off-gas. Typically, the reformed gas is subjected to a water-gas shift reaction to produce crude hydrogen containing 75-80% H2, 0.1-1% CO, 15-25% CO2, 1-5% CH4, and a trace of N2 (dry basis) at a pressure of 150-350 psig. The use of PSA technology to remove the listed impurities plus water vapor has become the... 

Natural gas enrichment (CO2/CH4 membrane separation) is employed to remove CO2 from natural gas streams as well as for recovering CO2 in enhanced oil recovery processes. Methane recovery from landfill sources is an additional application. Membranes are employed for hydrogen recovery in ammonia ptuge gas, H2/CO ratio adjustments in hydrogen production (HYCO process), in hydrocracker and hydrotreater ptuge gas, and in catalytic reformer off-gas. With the very high permeability of water versus common gases, membranes have fotmd applications for air dehydration and natural gas dehydration. Additional applications include helium recovery and H2S removal from natural gas. 

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