Reformer alcohol steam

As discussed above in the reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, H2 can be produced from alcohol fuels by at least three major catalytic processes, namely steam reforming, partial oxidation and ATR or oxidative steam reforming. The chemistry, thermodynamics, and recent developments in catalysis of methanol and ethanol reforming with steam for H2 production will be discussed in this section. 

Most syngas is produced captively for the manufacture of methanol from natural gas. Natural gas is reformed with steam to produce a raw syngas which enters a methanol synthesis reactor and is converted directly to methanol. Methanol is not regarded as a petrochemical, as it is usually produced from natural gas rather than a petroleum-derived hydrocarbon, but it is used as feedstock to produce a great many petrochemicals. Syngas is also used as feedstock in the 0x0 process to produce a wide variety of aldehydes and alcohols. 

Catalyst Development and Characterization for Alcohol Steam Reforming in Microchannels... 

Reformer. This unit chemically converts hydrocarbon or alcohol to synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). The two most practical oxidants are steam and air. If air is used, the reformer is referred to as a partial oxidation (POX) reformer if steam is used, a steam reformer (SR), and if a mix of air and steam is used, an autothermal reformer (ATR). The choice of reformer type depends on a number of factors. Typically, POX reformers are smaller, cheaper, respond faster, and are suitable for a wide range of fuels. Steam reformers enable a higher system efficiency. ATRs and catalytic POX reformers (CPOX) share some of the advantages of each type ... 

Hydrocarbons such as methane are not the only fuels suitable for steam reforming. Alcohols will also react in an oxygenolysis or steam reforming reaction, for example, methanol... 

Our ancestors made vinegar by aerobic bacterial fermentation of alcohol, which is derived from sugar, while it is now made by carbonylation of methanol, which is derived by reaction of synthesis gas, which is obtained by steam reforming of methane. 

Methanol Formaldehyde Ethylene Propylene oxide Phenol 1,4-Butanediol Tetrahydrofuran Ethylene glycol Adipic acid Isocyanates Styrene Methyl methacrylate Methyl formate Two-step, via CH4 steam reforming Three-step, via methanol Cracking of naphtha Co-product with t-butyl alcohol or styrene Co-product with acetone Reppe acetylene chemistry Multi-step Hydration of ethylene oxide Multi-step Phosgene chemistry Co-product with propylene oxide Two-step, via methacrolein Three-step, via methanol... 

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