Refinery schematic

Figure 8 Refinery schematic diagram indicating representative sources of solid waste in refinery system. Most solid wastes from refineries are considered hazardous wastes in the United States. (From Ref. 18.)...

A combination unit is a special type of unit that was developed to reduce the investment for a small refinery. In effect, one main distillation unit serves as a crude fi-actionator as well as the cat unit primary fractionator. This same tower also serves the naphtha reformer and visbreaker. A schematic diagram of a combination unit is shown in Figure 2. Crude oil is topped (material boiling below 650°F is removed) in the atmospheric tower, and the topped crude is sent to the combination tower along with cat products and naphtha reformer products. These latter streams provide heat to distill the topped crude and also, being more volatile than topped crude, provide a lifting effect which assists in vaporizing more of the crude. 

Figure 14.6 Schematic diagram of a five-column cliromatographic refinery analyser system SL, sample loop V1, two-way valve to block the sample line V2 and V5, ten-port valves V3 and V4, six-way valves Cl C5, packed columns R, restriction TCD, thermal conductivity detector-.

Schematic showing the hydrodesulfurization process in refineries. (From Yamaguchi, N., Trans-Energy Research Associates, Seattle, WA. With permission.)...

FIGURE 12.8 Schematic of trench recovery system beneath refinery site. 

Figure 20 EBMUD North Richmond Reclamation Plant process flow schematic. The tertiary treated wastewater is reused in the Richmond Chevron refinery as cooling tower makeup. (From Ref. 75.)...

Figure 1.2 Schematic diagram of standard refinery configuration.

Several emission control technologies are considered during the refinery specific consent decree negotiations. Figure 14.11 is a schematic of typical options. 

The revised edition of the Fuel Field Manual contains most of the same information as the original edition. Portions of the text have been revised to correct mistakes and to better describe some of the technological detail presented. Several schematic diagrams and chemical equations have been added to help clarify processes taking place within the refinery. Graphics depicting problems associated within the fuel injection and combustion systems are also included. 

Following milling, the yellowcake is shipped for refining and conversion. In most refineries, the uranium ore concentrates are purified by solvent extraction and then converted to UF6 for enrichment. (A schematic diagram for this process is shown in Fig. 16.5.)... 

The process data can now be translated into refinery processing configurations. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a typical sour crude refinery. While we realize that there is no such thing as a typical refinery, and many American refineries are not sour crude refineries, this figure represents what we believe to be a reasonable approximation of the type of refinery that will be operating in the United States in 1990. 

The operation of the preprocessor is shown schematically in Figure 1. There are five basic steps o Select crude assay data o Build and report input tables o Generate crude data o Generate process data o Build and access LP data tables In the first step, the preprocessor accesses the disc file which contains all of Sun Petroleum Products Company s crude assays. The preprocessor extracts assay data for those crudes which the user has identified by card input as part of the base crude mix or to be made available to the LP model as an incremental refinery feed. The user can identify up to ten crudes any five of which can be designated as incremental. 

Figure 2.1.4 Schematic representation illustrating typical temperature and pressure ranges of transformations in today s refinery in comparison to reactions utilizing renewable feedstocks (Adapted from [44]). (Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

The Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process lies at the heart of the modem refinery (1) as outlined in Chapter 4 of this book. The position of the FCC unit in the refinery is schematically sketched in Figure 5.1. 

During the course of this project, more than 100 ERA and Commonwealth of Virginia regulatory personnel visited the refinery for a first-hand view of operations and practices. Figure 1 provides a schematic flowchart of the refinery and illustrates potential releases to all environmental media (air, land, surface water, and groundwater). 

The OMG Harjavalta nickel refinery has 126 electrowinning cells, of which 108 are commercial cells and 18 are starting sheet shells. The older cells have 49 insoluble lead anodes and 48 cathodes and the newer cells have 53 anodes and 52 cathodes each. Figure 20 shows the schematic cell construction used at the Harjavalta nickel refinery. The bagged cathodes are nickel starting sheets made by the deposition of nickel for 48 hours onto a titanium mother blank. The deposits are stripped and automatically made up into starting sheets. The purified solution is fed separately to the cathode compartments at... 

The refining of the pyrolysis oil and the downstream processing into chemical products is schematically presented in Fig. 5> a balance of products from a large industrial refinery is shown in Fig. 6 CD. . 

Figure 2.2. Schematic of a petroleum refinery (from Speight, 1999)...

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